怨歌行
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两汉]：曹植
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为君既不易，为臣良独难。
忠信事不显，乃有见疑患。
周公佐成王，金縢功不刊。
推心辅王室，二叔反流言。
待罪居东国，泣涕常流连。
皇灵大动变，震雷风且寒。
拔树偃秋稼，天威不可干。
素服开金縢，感悟求其端。
公旦事既显，成王乃哀叹。
吾欲竟此曲，此曲悲且长。
今日乐相乐，别后莫相忘。
怨歌行译文及注释
译文
做国君既不容易，做臣下实在更难。
当忠信不被理解时，就有被猜疑的祸患。
周公辅佐文王、武王，“金縢”功绩不灭永传。
一片忠心辅助周王室，管叔、蔡叔反大造谣言。
周公待罪避居洛阳地，常常是老泪纵横长流不干。
天帝动怒降下大灾难，雷鸣电闪卷地狂风猛又寒。
拔起了大树吹倒庄稼，上天的威严不可触犯。
成王感悟身穿礼服开金縢，寻求上天震怒降灾的根源。
周公忠信大白天下，成王感动伤心悲叹。
我真想奏完这支乐曲，可是这首乐曲又悲又长。
今日大家一起共欢乐，希望别后不要把它遗忘。
注释
怨歌行：属于乐府的《相和歌·楚调曲》。
良：实在。《论语·子路》：“为君难，为臣不易。”为此二句所本。
显：明白，懂得。
见：被。疑患：猜忌。
“周公佐成王”：周公，即姬旦，周武王之弟，周成王之叔。曾辅佐武王建立周朝，制礼定乐。武王死，成王继位，年幼，以周公辅政。
金縢（téng）：指用金属捆封起来的柜子。刊：削除，磨灭。指周公请求代武王死之功不可磨灭。
二叔：指管叔姬鲜和蔡叔姬度，成王的二位叔叔。流言：指管、蔡二叔散布的周公要篡位的谣言。
待罪：等待惩罚。东国：东都洛阳，周公在流言起来的时候，到东都洛阳避居。当时曹植的封地在东方，东国一语也有隐喻诗人自己之意。
泫（xuàn）涕：流泪。泫：水珠下滴。流连：接连不断。
皇灵：上天之灵。动变：感动而生变。古人认为天人之间有感应，这是说周公的遭遇感动了上天。据《尚书·金縢》载，周公避居洛阳的第二年秋天，镐（hào）京暴风大作，雷电交加，把田禾刮倒了，把大树拔起来。
震：打雷。
偃（yǎn）：倒下。秋稼：禾。
干：触犯，抗拒。
素服：指没有文绣的衣服，古时祭天时所穿。
⒂端：原由，原委。
既显：指发现了周公愿以身代武王死的策文。
乃：于是。哀叹：指周成王大为感悟，悲叹不已。
“吾欲”四句：系诗末之套语，与诗旨无关，为合乐所加。竟：终。
参考资料：
1、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；殷义祥译注．《古代文史名著选译丛书：三曹诗选译（修订版）》：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第222-224页
2、程章灿编注．《魏晋南北朝诗》：天地出版社，1997.12：第32页
3、（清）沈德潜选编；王晓东，崔晨曦校注．《古诗源》：哈尔滨出版社，2011.11：第112页
4、夏传才主编；王巍校注．《曹植集校注》：河北教育出版社，2013.06：第70-71页
5、降大任编著．《万家史韵》：中国社会出版社，2004年01月第1版：第16页
怨歌行创作背景
太和二年（公元228年），魏明帝巡幸长安，洛阳谣传皇帝死于长安，从驾欲立曹植，因此明帝对曹植产生疑忌，曹植处境险恶，因作此诗以明志。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非，姚奠中，胡国瑞等著．《汉魏晋南北朝隋诗鉴赏词典》：山西人民出版社，1989.03：第218页
怨歌行鉴赏
该篇诗人用周公赤心为国，竭忠尽智辅佐周武王周成王，结果仍遭流言毁谤，并被周成王所疑的历史故事，感叹自己尽心王室，志欲为国立功，不但心愿未遂，反而遭受种种打击迫害的不幸与无奈。诗人客观地吟咏历史，实际上是借古人之酒杯，浇自己心中之垒块，万千感慨充溢其间。
该诗起句由《论语·子路》中的“为君难，为臣不易”化用而出，引出诗人“怨”的真实内涵是：“忠信事不显，乃有见疑患。”这是全篇诗眼之所在。
接着，诗人用“周公佐成王”至“成王乃哀叹”十四句诗，通过具体的历史事实表述诗眼，或者说运用历史事实，即通常说的例证法来证明自己的论点。“天威不可干”的“干”，是冒犯之意。这句是诗人对“皇灵大动变”一事的直抒胸臆的评论：识忠奸颠倒易，教天理违物难。本来，“天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。”（《荀子·天论》）成王所疑，周公见毁与皇灵动变，其间并无必然的联系，然而人事与天道的偶然巧合，却引出了天地人物之间的深刻哲理：易识浮生理，难教一物违。成王昏庸固然可恶，然而“公旦事既显，成王乃哀叹”，他能知错认错仍有可取之处，暗讽曹汉集团的当政者竟不及成王。
结尾“吾欲竟此曲”四句，又是诗的精彩之处：“竟”，终也。“悲且长”，意思是悲而情长，表示有倾诉不尽之意。本来，这四句是乐府歌辞中的套语，特别是“今日乐相乐”一句，汉乐府《艳歌何尝行》也有此句。无巧不成书，诗人在写作此诗结篇时，正遇魏明帝曹叡召见，君臣燕享时即景所见，而“别后莫相忘”既似恳求又似讽刺，冀希明帝不要在分手之后又把诗人撇在脑后。在貌似轻松的字句中蕴涵着深沉痛楚的矛盾心理，从而使这首咏史政治诗一下子明显地注入了诗人主观的爱和怨，颇有“其人虽已没，千载有余情”（陶渊明《咏荆轲》）之感。
该诗的前四句，“难”、“患”、“刊”押韵，后十二句，“言”、“连”、“寒”、“干”、“端”、“叹”等押韵，声调和谐，韵节响亮，从此诗中，曹植对于五言诗发展所作出的重大贡献，可见一斑。
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曹植《
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怨歌行》
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李白《
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司马将军歌》
曹植简介
唐代·曹植的简介
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曹植（192－232），字子建，沛国谯（今安徽省亳州市）人。三国曹魏著名文学家，建安文学代表人物。魏武帝曹操之子，魏文帝曹丕之弟，生前曾为陈王，去世后谥号“思”，因此又称陈思王。后人因他文学上的造诣而将他与曹操、曹丕合称为“三曹”，南朝宋文学家谢灵运更有“天下才有一石，曹子建独占八斗”的评价。王士祯尝论汉魏以来二千年间诗家堪称“仙才”者，曹植、李白、苏轼三人耳。
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王鏊
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花开犹未报人知，花下行吟漫自思。花若能言应笑我，年年无酒只题诗。
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广狱成还南昌候子十首 其八
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明代：
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李梦阳
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明晦每无常，人道岂不然。归云徂靡馀，日华耀清涟。
戚愉繄为谁，喟然想千年。姑苏宠宰嚭，越孤辞会山。