伤心行
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唐代]：李贺
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咽咽学楚吟，病骨伤幽素。
秋姿白发生，木叶啼风雨。
灯青兰膏歇，落照飞蛾舞。
古壁生凝尘，羁魂梦中语。
伤心行译文及注释
译文
“咽咽”地效法楚辞吟咏着哀怨的诗句，我多病的身躯经受不住幽冷的侵袭。
年轻的躯体益现出衰飒白发早生的“秋姿”，只见风雨中残枝败叶纷纷飘落。
灯油将尽的灯焰闪朔着宛如鬼火的青光，飞蛾在扑打着燃焰将熄灭的残光。
背后古旧的墙壁上积满厚厚的尘灰，我这羁旅客之魂在幽梦中还喃喃自语。
注释
咽咽：呜咽哀切之声。唐僧鸾《赠李粲秀才》诗：“愁如湘灵哭湘浦，咽咽哀音隔云雾。”楚吟：指楚辞那忧愤深广的长吟。《文选·谢灵运〈登池上楼〉》诗：“祁祁伤豳歌，萋萋感楚吟。”
病骨：指多病瘦损的身躯。唐李贺《示弟》诗：“病骨犹能在，人间底事无。”幽素：幽寂，寂静。唐李商隐 《房中曲》：“蔷薇泣幽素，翠带花钱小。”
秋姿：犹老态。
木叶：树叶。《楚辞·九歌·湘夫人》：“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。”
灯青：谓灯焰显出低暗的青蓝色。王琦汇解：“灯久膏将尽，则其燄低暗作青色。”兰膏：古代用泽兰子炼成的用来点灯的油脂。《楚辞·招魂》：“兰膏明烛，华容备些。”王逸注：“兰膏，以兰香炼膏也。”
落照：夕阳的余晖。南朝梁简文帝《和徐录事见内人作卧具》：“密房寒日晚，落照度窗边。”
凝尘：积聚的尘土。《晋书·简文帝纪》：“帝少有风仪，善容止，留心典籍，不以居处为意，凝尘满席，湛如也。”
羁魂：客死者的魂魄。《南史·垣护之传》：“垣氏羁魂不返，而其孤藐幼。”
参考资料：
1、宋绪连 初旭．三李诗鉴赏辞典．长春：吉林文史出版社，1992：731-735
伤心行创作背景
从诗篇末句“羁魂”一语来推断，此诗大约作于作者应举失败、困顿长安之际，时间在元和（唐宪宗年号，806～820）年间。
参考资料：
1、宋绪连 初旭．三李诗鉴赏辞典．长春：吉林文史出版社，1992：731-735
伤心行鉴赏
在诗人生命的历程中，也许是伤心的经历太多、太长，也许是伤心的程度太深、太重，这首以“伤心”为题的短歌并不专写哪一件伤心之事，他既没写伤心经历之“实”，又不写伤心情怀之“虚”，而只写眼下自己的景况与周围的环境。
这是一首五言古诗，全诗八句可分为上下两层，前四句为第一层，先以三句写自身形象。首句“咽咽”是状写悲吟之声。全句写自己“咽咽”地学习效法楚辞，咏吟着忧怨哀愤的诗句；第二句写自己多病的身躯经不住幽冷清寂的侵袭；第三句写自己早生华发，年轻的躯体现出衰飒的“秋姿”。第四句“木叶啼风雨”，转入环境景物，写风雨中纷纷飘落的残枝败叶。这一句环境景物的描写，既是对自身的悲凉境况加以烘托，也具有强化自身形象的比喻象征意味——诗人自身的“病骨”、“秋姿”就像“风雨”中的“木叶”。同时，这句写景又引出以下第二层身边琐屑景物的描绘，使诗歌从第一层向第二层自然地过渡，确乎是“一石三鸟”，言短而意深境阔。
后四句是第二层。先以三个诗句写身边景物。眼前灯油将尽，灯焰闪着阴阒宛如鬼火的青光，飞蛾在扑打着燃焰将熄的残光；背后，古旧的墙壁上积满厚厚的尘灰，就在这鬼气森森的环境中，末句写李贺这羁旅之客一缕诗魂在幽梦中依然喃喃自语。这后四句先写周围景物，残灯、落照、飞蛾、凝尘，最后以羁魂夜语的形象对周围琐屑景物加以点染。这点染加重了全诗阴暗、悲凉的氛围；深化了诗人“病骨”、“秋姿”的枯寂凄伤情怀，类乎颊上添毫，倍见丰神；同时它又与诗歌首句“咽咽学楚吟”首尾相呼应、相补充，诗人那漂泊的羁魂即使在幽渺的梦幻中仍得不到解脱，依旧在咽咽楚吟。这最后一句确乎又是一石三鸟，言短而意深境阔。
总观这一首《伤心行》，全诗四十言不露一个“伤心”字样，但在自身形象与周围景物的相融相生之中，字字句句都明显地外现出诗人内心那难言难述、繁久深重的伤心之意，从而也外现了震颤于诗人躯体中那颗已经伤透了的心，也表现出一位年轻且卓有才华的诗人在不合理的社会里，生活得多么艰难、多么不幸。
清人黎简评长吉诗“于章法每不大理会，然亦有井然者，须细心寻绎始见。“（《长吉诗集评》）李贺诗确实多不大注意章法，《伤心行》这首五言古诗，虽则八句，却绝不沿袭律诗起、承、转、合的层次结构。但从上述对全诗的剖析来看，《伤心行》前后两层把自身景况与周围景物自然熨贴地交揉在一起，当属于黎简所谓“细心寻绎始见”其“井然”章法之作。诗人通过独具匠心的章法布局，把伤心的主题表现得那样浓重、那样沉郁、那样深幽。
李贺诗向以想象丰赡、设色瑰奇而著称。明人许学夷评长吉诗“调婉而词艳，然诡幻多昧于理。”（《诗源辩体》卷二十六）但《伤心行》写自身景况与周围环境，故而多用实笔，极少虚诞想象；多用白描，极少浓彩设色；含情含理，绝无诡幻谲妄。诗中所写的景况都是真实的写照，即使“羁魂梦语”也非虚拟，而是诗人现实形象的反照。至于周围环境，无论大景小景，可能均系眼前实景，即使并非实景而是诗人借助想象而构成的种种意象，但它却更典型地表现了诗人所处现实境遇的凄冷、阴寂。这“实”与“朴”的特色，缩短了读者与作者的距离，强化了艺术上“真”的感染力。全诗在实笔、白描之中，也偶或闪现出新奇造语的火花，如用“秋姿”写自己形貌，更见其衰飒枯槁；用“凝尘”写壁上灰土，更见壁之残古、尘之积铸；用“落照”借指残灯弱焰，更见其无可挽救的衰竭。如此新奇造语增加了诗歌语言的表现力度。正是这种种情况，形成《伤心行》独有的格调：古淡质实之中，蕴涵着李贺特有的凄伤色泽。
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杜甫《
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宿江边阁》
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杜甫《
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白帝》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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邵平
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宋代：
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王安石
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天下纷纷未一家，贩缯屠狗尚雄夸。
东陵岂是无能者，独傍青门手种瓜。
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怀旧
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宋代：
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李正民
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遁迹渔盐远市朝，回廊落叶响萧萧。云迷岭岫天将雪，草没汀洲海上潮。
欲寄新诗人杳杳，重寻旧会恨迢迢。暮年更欠刘龚语，门翳蓬蒿转寂寥。
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自容趋藤山路古松皆合抱百馀尺枝叶扶疏行人庇赖为取松明者所刳剔因而摧倾十已六七良可惜也
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宋代：
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李纲
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松林缭峻岭，百尺森葱青。不知何年种，天矫乱龙形。
浓阴翳修途，当暑有馀清。长风一披拂，时作波涛声。