凤栖梧·衰柳疏疏苔满地
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元代]：王庭筠
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衰柳疏疏苔满地。十二阑干，故国三千里。南去北来人老矣。短亭依旧残阳里。
紫蟹黄柑真解事。似倩西风、劝我归欤未。王粲登临寥落际。雁飞不断天连水。
凤栖梧·衰柳疏疏苔满地鉴赏
全词抒发了作者的思乡恋乡之情，对仕途的失意，怀才不遇的郁闷情绪也有新宣泄。
首句描绘出一片衰微荒凉的景色，暗喻词人却抑郁的悲凉的心情。在文学作品中，从来是“景无情不发，情无景不生”。衰柳本就引人寂寥，更何况青苔满地！羁旅他乡的词人面对如此凄凉荒野，越发恋念故土家人。他“用十二阑干，故国三千里”抒发这种情结，使人感到极浓重的哀愁。“十二阑干”是家中的庭院回廊，也代表家人的温馨。乐府古题《西洲曲》有“阑干十二曲，垂手明如玉”之句，作者显然在思念着娇妻爱子。“故国三千里”，家乡多遥远。此句可见唐代张祜之《宫词》。原作为：“故国三千里，深宫二十年。一声《何满子》，双泪落君前。”本是抒发宫女背井离乡，禁锢深宫，长期不得与亲人团聚的孤苦情节的。作者深感自己的身世与宫女命运有相通之处，明写三千里，实指二十年。想到自己宦游一生，南北奔波颠沛，垂垂老矣，矣“字饱含感叹与无奈。南句借用了杜牧诗句”南去北来人自老“，说不尽的辛酸。”短亭依旧残阳里“述说着欲归来能归的愁思。古制五里一短亭，十里一长亭，可供旅人休息，也供亲友送别用。”依旧“道出物在人亦在，是啊，韶华已逝，生命如残阳，而自己依旧人在旅途奔波劳碌。
“紫蟹黄柑真解事”句用典。方岳诗云：“白鱼如玉紫蟹肥，秋风欲老芦花飞”，黄庭坚句：“尘思黄柑洞庭霜”都是秋令节物。同时词人又活用晋代张翰睹秋风起思故乡的佳肴美味莼羹鲈脍而辞官归里的故实。显然词人思归还有其深层次的内容。决心仅限于思乡、思家乡之美味。“王粲”句中“寥落”二字语意双关，既写王粲又写自己。汉末王粲羁留荆州，不为刘表看重，因此“登临寥落”的是乡愁，更是自己的怀才不遇。词人的文章不受金章宗的欣赏，不久因罪免职，后仕翰林修撰。公元1196年（承安元年）又因赵秉文上书事牵连在内，被杖六十，解职，后又被贬为郑州防御判官，任途坎坷，“寥落”不下王粲。思归之情也不弱于王粲。结句“雁飞不断天连水”如一幅水墨画，把思归的情怀表述得深沉辽远，绵绵不绝。宋代陆游诗云：“自恨不如云际雁，来时就得过中原。”词人自恨不如云际雁的慨叹表达了更深沉的思想情感。
此词的写作特点是情景相生，以情衬景，寓情于景，情景交融。全词句句有景，句句有情，反复吟味，愈感诗情画意。另一特点是词人工于用典，使词意更加含蓄丰盈。
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杜安世《
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两同心·巍巍剑外》
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王安石《
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葛溪驿》
王庭筠简介
唐代·王庭筠的简介
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王庭筠（1151～1202）金代文学家、书画家。字子端，号黄华山主、黄华老人、黄华老子，别号雪溪。金代辽东人（今营口熊岳），米芾之甥。庭筠文名早著，金大定十六年（1176）进士，历官州县，仕至翰林修撰。文词渊雅，字画精美，《中州雅府》收其词作十六首，以幽峭绵渺见长。
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