柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题
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唐代]:柳宗元
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柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题译文及注释
译文
官场上的失意和寄居他乡的忧思一起涌上心头,阳春二月的景象也好像到了寒秋一样,令人心意凄迷。
山城的雨后,百花凋零。榕树叶落满庭院,黄莺的啼叫也显得十分嘈杂。
注释
榕:常绿乔木,有气根,树茎粗大,枝叶繁盛。产于广东、广西等省。
宦(huàn)情:做官的情怀。
羁思(sì):客居他乡的思绪。
凄凄:形容悲伤难过。
春半:春季二月。
迷:凄迷。
山城:这里指柳州。
尽:凋零。
榕叶满庭莺乱啼:借景讽刺当时把持朝政的守旧派人物。
参考资料:
1、宁波市气象学会 .气候诗歌一百首 :气象出版社 ,1998年03月第1版 :34 .
2、蔡启伦 .唐代绝句选 :山东人民出版社 ,1979年12月第1版 :99 .
3、刘丽君 .唐诗三百首 :哈尔滨出版社 ,2007.12 :138 .
柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题创作背景
永贞元年(805年),柳宗元参与以王叔文为首的革新运动,失败后被贬为永州司马,柳宗元从北方贬谪到荒僻的柳州,由于柳宗元对异地的气候特别敏感,故而诗人创作这首诗歌,来表达当时遭到贬谪的愤怒不满。
参考资料:
1、陆坚 .中国咏物诗选 :中州古籍出版社 ,1990年03月第1版 :122-123 .
柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题鉴赏
这首诗写于柳州刺史任上。
时当二月,又处南方温热地带,柳州早已是百花盛开、春色满园了。可是一场意外的暴风雨却洗劫了百花,送走了春色。这在过着谪居生活的诗人来说,无疑是一种精神打击。本来他还可以寄情景物,排遣内心忧怨的,而现实竟是这样冷酷无情!哀凉的心绪触发了他的诗思。
“宦情羁思共凄凄,春半如秋意转迷。”诗篇起句便直抒胸臆。“宦情”与“羁思”,原本就有必然联系。长年游宦在外,远离故土与亲人,旅途漂泊的艰辛,离亲别故的悲怨,有谁能不动心动情呢?屡遭贬窜,此种心情理当加倍沉重.“共凄凄”三字,真实地表现了作者这时候的特殊心态。“宦情”之苦与“羁思”之深叠相撞击着诗人的心扉,他要寻求解脱,而又无可奈何,在这种心境的支配下,他只好走出书房,漫步庭院。而当他目睹了已经过去大半的春光以后,这种情绪反而愈趋沉重了。“春半如秋”,用语平淡而新鲜,写出一种常人不曾,也不会有的独特感受,的确是愁人眼中之景,心中之情相互感应的凝结品。“意转迷”三字,则就“春半如秋”作承转,极言意绪的迷乱烦恼。
三、四两句,偏重叙事描写。说“山城过雨”,人们似乎还难于体味这场雨的份量和内涵,故后面紧接着补写了“百花尽”三字。此雨非早春润物之雨,它横掠山城,下得大,来得猛,涤荡万物。此一句,遥扣题面,把第二句“春半如秋”四字亦落到实处,同时又引带出末尾一句。“榕叶满庭莺乱啼”。柳州多檀椿树,冠大身屈,四枝旁出,以其不材,故能久而无伤。但是经过这场暴风雨的洗劫,那些百年老榕也叶落满庭了。此等情景令诗人伤心,莺啼之声又格外增添了一重伤感情绪。那一个“乱”字,分明是诗人心烦意乱的精神状态的真实反映。
这首诗写景肃杀萧条。写情凝重深沉。二月春光正浓之际反呈现百花凋零、榕叶满庭的暮秋景象,反激起诗人一片宦情与羁思,其构思立意均不同常态,而其遣辞造语又极平淡。苏轼《东坡题跋》曾就柳宗元的诗与陶渊明的诗作出评论说:“所贵乎枯淡者,谓其外枯而中膏,似淡而实美,渊明、子厚之流是也。”内容丰富充实而字面却略显枯干淡泊的作品,其实正是诗人苦心锤炼的结果,是诗歌创作艺术的极高境界。这样的作品往往“发纤秾于古简,寄至味于淡泊”,咀嚼久之,才能得其真味。
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柳永《
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柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元(773年-819年),字子厚,唐代河东(今山西运城)人,杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家,唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章,经后人辑为三十卷,名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人,人称柳河东,又因终于柳州刺史任上,又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物,并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上,其诗、文成就均极为杰出,可谓一时难分轩轾。
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