春王正月
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先秦]：公羊高
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元年者何？君之始年也。春者何？岁之始也。王者孰谓？谓文王也。曷为先言“王”而后言“正月？”王正月也。何言乎王正月？大一统也。
公何以不言即位？成公意也。何成乎公之意？公将平国而反之桓。曷为反之桓？桓幼而贵，隐长而卑。其为尊卑也微，国人莫知。隐长又贤，诸大夫扳隐而立之。隐于是焉而辞立，则未知桓之将必得立也；且如桓立，则恐诸大夫之不能相幼君也。故凡隐之立，为桓立也。隐长又贤，何以不宜立？立適以长不以贤，立子以贵不以长。桓何以贵？母贵也。母贵，则子何以贵？子以母贵，母以子贵。
春王正月译文及注释
译文
“元年”是什么意思？指君王登位的第一年。“春”是什么意思？就是一年开始的季节。“王”指的谁？指周文王。为什么先说“王”，再说“正月”？因为指的是周王确立的正月。为什么要说周王的正月？是表明大一统，天下都实行王的政令。为什么不说隐公登位？这是成全隐公的心愿。为什么要成全隐公的心愿？隐公打算把国家治好，再把政权还给桓公。为什么要把政权还给桓公？因为桓公年幼而尊贵，隐公年长而卑贱。他兄弟俩身份尊卑的区别很微小，国人并不了解。隐公年长而贤明，诸大夫拥戴他为国君。这时如果隐公辞让，桓公能否登位，还没有把握。即使桓公能够登位，大夫们能否辅佐幼君，也没有把握。所以，隐公登位，全是替桓公着想。隐公年长又贤明，为什么不宜立为国君？因为立夫人所生的嫡子为国君，只凭年长，不凭贤明；立媵妾的儿子为国君，只凭尊贵，不凭年长。桓公为什么尊贵？因为他的母亲尊贵。母亲尊贵，儿子也就尊贵吗？是的。儿子因母亲而尊贵，母亲又因儿子而尊贵。
注释
①元年：指鲁隐公元年。
②文王：周文王。
③曷：为什么。正月：阴历每年第一个月。
④王正月：指周历正月。古时改朝换代即改正朔（正月的第一天）。周历以建子之月（即夏历的十一月）为岁首。
⑤大一统：天下统一。
⑥平国而反之桓：隐公打算平治鲁国后，把政权归还桓公。
⑦隐长而卑、桓幼而贵：桓公的母亲仲子是鲁惠公的夫人。隐公的母亲声子只是随嫁来的姐妹。
⑧扳：拥戴。
⑨適：同“嫡”。
⑩立子：立庶子。
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公羊高《
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公羊高简介
唐代·公羊高的简介
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公羊高，旧题《春秋公羊传》的作者。战国时齐国人。相传是子夏（卜商）的弟子，治《春秋》，传于公羊平。《春秋公羊传》最初仅有口说流传，西汉景帝时，传至玄孙公羊寿及齐人胡母生，才“著于竹帛”，流传于世。《春秋公羊传》，亦称《公羊春秋》或《公羊传》，是今文经学的重要典籍，起于鲁隐公元年（前722），终于鲁哀公十四年（前481），着重阐释《春秋》之“微言”、“大义”，史事记载较简略。
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