山行·布谷飞飞劝早耕
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清代]：姚鼐
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山行·布谷飞飞劝早耕译文及注释
译文
布谷飞来飞去的劝说人们早些耕种，白鹭趁着天晴在天上扑打着翅膀。
在层层石树之间的路上行走，听得山里田园放水的声音。
注释
舂（chōng）锄：白鹭；
扑扑：扑打翅膀。
山行·布谷飞飞劝早耕鉴赏
开头两句用形象而整饬的对仗句式刻画两种鸟儿的活动，为写春耕营造一种正当其时的氛围。布谷鸟即杜鹃，是人们再熟悉不过的，它在南方春天耕种季节鸣叫，它“播谷播谷”的叫声听上去就像在催人种谷一样，所以叫布谷鸟。一“劝”字，将布谷鸟的叫声人格化，形象生动而富有情味。舂锄即白鹭，它也是江南常见的一种鸟类，全身雪白，两腿细长，喜欢在水田与河边活动。这种鸟在水中起飞，很远就能听到翅膀打水的“扑扑”的声音，当它们成群地在清澈的水边、绿色的山野、湛蓝的碧空飞翔时是很美的，所以杜甫留下了“一行白鹭上青天”千古佳句。该诗中，作者着一“趁”字，同样将舂锄人格化，好像它明白风和日丽的大好春光转瞬即逝似的，因此要抓紧时间一展风姿。可以说，春耕期间山间这两种鸟的活动，既将春天的山乡点染得生机勃勃，又为下文写春耕营造了浓浓的氛围。
第三句写扣题发挥，从仰望的角度写山路之陡峭曲曲。从山下向上望去，只见山路盘旋而上，被层层叠叠的树木和岩石遮断阻隔，有时又露出那么一小段，就这样时断时续，蜿蜒而上，层层盘旋，越盘越高，越高越细。作者以细腻的笔触，巧妙的视角，将江南山路的特点形象地表现出来了，也凸显了山乡生活的大背景。同时，又暗扣了一“行”，暗写了诗人沿山路而上，边登山边欣赏的情形，给人以无穷的想象和回味。如果没有这一句，那么最后通过山田放水声写春耕也就没有依据了。
最后一句是全诗的主旨所在，写的是山乡农民放水播谷的繁忙景象。诗人关注的是山乡的春耕，此时终于凸现出来了。这时，诗人已经来到了山上。低头俯瞰，只见山下斜坡上面层层如梯的水田平整如镜，在阳光的反射下，带子似的一道道绕在山间；从梯田方向正传来汩汩的放水声。由放水声可以想见农民们巳开始播种稻谷，繁忙的春耕就此拉开序幕。至此，首句布谷鸟的劝耕得到了呼应，全诗的主旨得到了凸显，诗人山行之始就带有的欣喜之情更是溢于言表。作者本来就热爱自然，本来就对与自然融为一体的农村生活极为欣赏，当自然景物已经和人们生活和谐地融为一体时，诗人怎能不由衷地赞美和歌唱呢？
该诗写山行所见所闻，构思巧妙，剪裁得体，卒章显“志”，语言清新雅丽，没有冗辞赘语。桐城派主张的“雅洁”和反对“冗辞”，从这里可见一斑。
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苏轼《
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和子由渑池怀旧》
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张舜民《
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村居》
姚鼐简介
唐代·姚鼐的简介
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姚鼐（nài）（1731～1815）清代著名散文家，与方苞、刘大櫆并称为“桐城三祖”。字姬传，一字梦谷，室名惜抱轩（在今桐城中学内），世称惜抱先生、姚惜抱，安徽桐城人。乾隆二十八年（1763）中进士，任礼部主事、四库全书纂修官等，年才四十，辞官南归，先后主讲于扬州梅花、江南紫阳、南京钟山等地书院四十多年。著有《惜抱轩全集》等，曾编选《古文辞类纂》。
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