戊辰即事
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宋代]：刘克庄
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诗人安得有青衫，今岁和戎百万缣。
从此西湖休插柳，剩栽桑树养吴蚕。
戊辰即事译文及注释
译文
诗人从哪里觅绸缎做一领青衫？就因为今年与敌人签订了和约，每年要贡上百万匹绸绢。
我看来，从此后西湖边不要再种杨柳，全种上桑树，用来饲养吴蚕。
注释
戊辰：宋嘉定元年（公元1208年），时宰相韩侂胄当政，为了“立盖世功名以自固”，让自己千古留名，草草出兵北伐，结果招致大败。战后和约，以南宋每年向金人交纳大量钱财为代价。
青衫：古代读书人或一般人穿的衣服。
和：和议。戎：北方民族，指金人。缣（jiān）：黄绢。
剩：全、都的意思。吴蚕：苏州是当时著名的丝绸出产地，故曰吴蚕。
参考资料：
1、宋名家诗导读.戊辰即事
戊辰即事创作背景
宋宁宗开禧二年（公元1206年），宋兵伐金大败，不得已向金乞和。次年十一月，和约成，宋朝对金人提出的停战条件完全接受，答应每年向金增纳白银三十万两，细绢三十万匹，这就是令宋人深感耻辱的嘉定和议。翌年，也就是刘克庄写这首诗的戊辰年，条约正式实行。
参考资料：
1、宋名家诗导读.戊辰即事
戊辰即事鉴赏
以调侃的语气写政治讽刺诗，读来虽感幽默风趣，却令人倍为心酸，这首绝句的特色就在于此。
诗人没有青衫穿，这样讲当然是到了超越现实的程度，夸张过了头。但是，以不可能存在的现实来反衬极度的愤慨的感情（诗人对朝廷为和戎而用“百万缣”的无比愤怒），这种“超极表至极”的曲达方式在诗词创作中已是屡见不鲜了，比如李觏的《乡思》，范仲淹的《苏幕遮·碧云天》等，用的都是这种手法。
青衫是读书人的象征，是与一般平民区别的特征之一，代表了士子们的体面。诗一开始就抓住这件象征物，说如今我这个诗人连想穿一袭青衫都没办法了！极其愤疾的一句话，劈头而来，不啻在说如今斯文已经扫地。言外之意，当然扫地的何止是斯文，刘克庄正以此代指整个朝廷国家的体面都丢尽了。何以会连读书人想一件青衫都得不到？诗第二句立即指出，这是因为做青衫的丝绸都孝敬金虏去了。这两句是倒装，因了和戎，诗人才没绸做衣服，诗把因果关系调转顺序，就突出了胸中的愤愤不平。此外，诗人没有青衫，百姓们为了交纳额外的赋税，穷困的程度就用不着多说了。
三、四句忽生奇想：金虏如此欺负我们，朝廷却一味忍让，这些贡银及绸缎从哪儿来呢？我看西子湖边的杨柳桃花不如全都拔掉，种上桑树养蚕织绢，用以填金人的无尽欲坑吧！这两句写得很冷。当然，诗人并不是真的认为在西湖边种桑是一个解决问题的办法，只是随机而发，加深前两句所述的愤慨而已。把白堤、苏堤、“柳浪闻莺”，这些西湖著名景点上的柳树都砍光拔尽，种上桑树以养蚕，自然也是荒唐至极的想法，但是，这种作法却有合理性，总得让人有衣穿，不养蚕就没有什么能拿来织缣的。“衣”与“食”事关国计民生，西湖没有柳可以，人民没吃没穿可不行。诗人的话虽说得很率直，而表现出来的心思却很曲折，这种表达方式叫做“直中含曲意”，运用这种手法，以小见大，可使作品显得格外委婉含蓄。
全诗虽然很短，但紧紧抓住朝廷不顾耻辱向金人贡献大量丝绸这一中心做文章，有激切的鞭斥，有幽默的调侃，讽刺性很强，而诗又不显得直露，读后容易引起人们的深思和共鸣。
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张泌《
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浣溪沙·马上凝情忆旧游》
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陆游《
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书悲》
刘克庄简介
唐代·刘克庄的简介
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刘克庄(1187～1269) 南宋诗人、词人、诗论家。字潜夫，号后村。福建莆田人。宋末文坛领袖，辛派词人的重要代表，词风豪迈慷慨。在江湖诗人中年寿最长，官位最高，成就也最大。晚年致力于辞赋创作，提出了许多革新理论。
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