燕山亭·北行见杏花
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宋代]：赵佶
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裁剪冰绡，轻叠数重，淡著胭脂匀注。新样靓妆，艳溢香融，羞杀蕊珠宫女。易得凋零，更多少、无情风雨。愁苦。问院落凄凉，几番春暮。
凭寄离恨重重，者双燕，何曾会人言语。天遥地远，万水千山，知他故宫何处。怎不思量，除梦里、有时曾去。无据，和梦也新来不做。
燕山亭·北行见杏花译文及注释
译文
剪裁好白色的丝绸，轻轻叠成数层，又将淡淡的胭脂均匀的涂抹，时髦的漂亮衣服，艳丽的色彩融入四溢的清香，简直羞杀了天上的蕊珠宫的仙女。红颜易凋零，更何况，经历了多少无情的风雨 ，面对愁苦的情景，扣问凄凉的院落，还要经受几番春暮。
谁帮我寄去重重的离愁，这双飞的燕子哪里懂得人间的苦痛。天遥地远，万水千山阻隔，哪里知道故园今在何处？只有在梦中有时曾去。就连梦也难做成，因我痛苦的彻夜难眠。
注释
宴山亭：词牌名。一作《燕山亭》。与《山亭宴》无涉。以宋徽宋赵佶词为准。双片九十九字。上片十一句五仄韵，下片十句五仄韵。上片第八句为上三下四句式。第九句二字，多为感叹词语，第十句首字领格，引领两个四言句。下片第二句首字领格。下片第八句为上三下四句式。下片第九句多为感叹词语。第十句为上三下四句式。此调有宋徽宋、毛圱、王之道、张雨诸词可校。
冰绡：洁白的丝绸，比喻花瓣。
胭脂：原文“燕脂”，通假字。
靓（jìng）装：美丽的妆饰。
蕊珠宫女：指仙女。蕊珠，道家指天上仙宫。
凭寄：凭谁寄，托谁寄。
者：同“这”。
无据：无所依凭。
和：连。
参考资料：
1、梁海明等（原作者为清代的上疆村民）．宋词三百首（2009年4月第二版）：远山出版社，2009-05：2
2、上彊邨民(编) 蔡义江（解） ．宋词三百首全解． 上海：复旦大学出版社， 2008/11/1：第1-2页
燕山亭·北行见杏花创作背景
此词是宋徽宗赵佶于1127年覆国后与其子钦宗赵桓被金兵掳往北方五国城时途中，途中见杏花而托物兴感而作，是作者身世遭遇的悲惨写照。
参考资料：
1、梁海明等（原作者为清代的上疆村民）．宋词三百首（2009年4月第二版）：远山出版社，2009-05：2
2、上彊邨民(编) 蔡义江（解） ．宋词三百首全解． 上海：复旦大学出版社， 2008/11/1：第1-2页
燕山亭·北行见杏花鉴赏
词通过写杏花的凋零，借以哀伤自己悲苦无告、横遭摧残的命运。词之上片先以细腻的笔触工笔、描绘杏花，外形而及神态，勾勒出一幅绚丽的杏花图。近写、细写杏花，是对一朵朵杏花的形态、色泽的具体形容。杏花的瓣儿好似一叠叠冰清玉洁的缣绸，经过巧手裁剪出重重花瓣，又逐步匀称地晕染上浅淡的胭脂。朵朵花儿都是那样精美绝伦地呈现人们眼前。“新样”三句，先以杏花比拟为装束入时而匀施粉黛的美人，她容颜光艳照人，散发出阵阵暖香，胜过天上蕊珠宫里的仙女。“羞杀”两字，是说连天上仙女看见她都要自愧不如，由此进一步衬托出杏花的形态、色泽和芳香都是不同于凡俗之花，也充分表现了杏花盛放时的动人景象。
以下笔锋突转，描写杏花遭到风雨摧残后的黯淡场景。春日绚丽非常，正如柳永《木兰花慢》中所云：“正艳杏烧林，缃桃绣野，芳景如屏。”但为时不久就逐渐凋谢，又经受不住料峭春寒和无情风雨的摧残，终于花落枝空；更可叹的是暮春之时，庭院无人，美景已随春光逝去，显得那样凄凉冷寂。这里不仅是怜惜杏花，而且也兼以自怜。试想作者以帝王之尊，降为阶下之囚，流徙至千里之外，其心情之愁苦非笔墨所能形容，杏花的烂漫和易得凋零引起他的，种种感慨和联想，往事和现实交杂一起，使他感到杏花凋零，犹有人怜，而自身沦落，却只空有“故国不堪回首月明中的无穷慨恨。”愁苦“之下接一”问“字，其含意与李后主的”问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流“亦相仿佛。
词之下片，以杏花的由盛而衰暗示作者自身的境遇，抒写词人对自身遭遇的沉痛哀诉，表达出词人内心的无限苦痛。前三句写一路行来，忽见燕儿双双，从南方飞回寻觅旧巢，不禁有所触发，本想托付燕儿寄去重重离恨，再一想它们又怎么能够领会和传达自己的千言万语？但除此以外又将凭谁传递音问呢？作者这里借着问燕表露出音讯断绝以后的思念之情。“天遥”两句叹息自己父子降为臣虏，与宗室臣僚三千余人被驱赶着向北行去，路途是那样的遥远，艰辛地跋涉了无数山山水水，“天遥地远，万水千山”这八个字，概括出他被押解途中所受的种种折磨。回首南望，再也见不到汴京故宫，真可以说是“别时容易见时难”了。
以下紧接上句，以反诘说明怀念故国之情，然而，“故宫何处”点出连望见都不可能，只能求之于梦寐之间了。梦中几度重临旧地，带来了片刻的慰安。结尾两句写绝望之情。晏几道《阮郎归》末两句“梦魂纵有也成虚，那堪和梦无”，秦观《阮郎归》结尾“衡阳犹有雁传书，郴阳和雁无”，都是同样意思。梦中的一切，本来是虚无空幻的，但近来连梦都不做，真是一点希望也没有了，反映出内心百折千回，可说是哀痛已极，肝肠断绝之音。
作者乃北宋著名书画家，其绘画重高写生，以精工通真著称于世。这种手法于此词的景物刻画中也有所体现，尤其上片对杏花的描绘，颇具工笔画的意蕴。
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杨基《
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董士锡《
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木兰花慢·武林归舟中作》
赵佶简介
唐代·赵佶的简介
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宋徽宗，名赵佶（公元1082年5月初5～1135年6月4日），神宗11子，哲宗弟，是宋朝第八位皇帝。赵佶先后被封为遂宁王、端王。哲宗于公元1100年正月病死时无子，向皇后于同月立他为帝。第二年改年号为“建中靖国”。宋徽宗在位25年（1100年2月23日—1126年1月18日），国亡被俘受折磨而死，终年54岁，葬于永佑陵（今浙江省绍兴县东南35里处）。 他自创一种书法字体被后人称之为“瘦金书”。
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沈光文
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门外苍茫势，神龙且寄髯。困方嗟褐短，人岂藉泉廉。
善爱知珍鼎，需调用作盐。呈身原不惯，应合与时潜。
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送陈郎中重使西域十首 其四
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：
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李昌祺
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叠鼓杂鸣笳，天风送使槎。内臣金镂带，壮士铁为檛。
去路缘青海，行营驻白沙。单于争慕义，不用李轻车。
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献仆射相公
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宋代：
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王禹偁
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五年黄阁掌陶甄，忧国翻成两鬓斑。
初到庙堂温树冷，暂收霖雨岳云闲。