山亭柳·赠歌者
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宋代]：晏殊
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家住西秦。赌博艺随身。花柳上、斗尖新。偶学念奴声调，有时高遏行云。蜀锦缠头无数，不负辛勤。
山亭柳·赠歌者译文及注释
译文
我家注在西秦，开始只是靠小小的随身技艺维持生活。在吟词唱曲上别出新裁，翻新花样。我偶然学得了念奴的唱腔，声调有时高亢能遏止住行云。所得的财物不计其数。没辜负我的一番辛劳。
数年来往返于咸京道上，所挣得的不过是一些剩洒冷饭。满腹心事，该向何人去诉说？若得知音赏识，我不会拒绝为他唱那些最难最高雅的歌曲。唱完一曲后我在酒宴上当众落下泪来，再次拿起罗帕掩面而泣。
注释
山亭柳：词牌名，晏殊是宋词中第一次用平声韵填写此调的作者。
晏殊小词一向并无标题，这首词以《赠歌者》题名是一种例外。
西秦：地名，在今甘肃省榆中北。
博：众多，丰富。
花柳：泛指一切歌舞技巧。 斗：竞争。
念奴：唐代天宝年间著名歌女。
高遏行云：《列子·汤问》说古有歌者秦青“抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云”。遏，止。
蜀锦：出自蜀地的名贵丝织品。 负：辜负。
‘数年”二句：杜甫《赠韦左丞》诗：“骑驴十三载，旅食京华春。残杯与冷炙，到处潜悲辛。”漫：枉，徒然。
采：选择，接纳。 《阳春》：即《阳春曲》，一种属于“阳春白雪”的高雅歌曲。
参考资料：
1、徐晓莉主编 ．《中国古代经典诗词文赋选讲》 ：天津古籍出版社 ，2006年 ：第313页 ．
山亭柳·赠歌者创作背景
宋仁宗皇祐二年（1050）晏殊迁升为户部尚书（户部长官，属三司），以观文殿大学士的官衔做了永兴军的长官。这首词作于晏殊知永兴军任上，此时晏殊年过六十。被贬官多年，心中不平之气，难以抑制，假借歌者之名一吐心中的抑郁之情。
参考资料：
1、徐晓莉主编 ．《中国古代经典诗词文赋选讲》 ：天津古籍出版社 ，2006年 ：第313页 ．
山亭柳·赠歌者鉴赏
全词通过一个歌者年老色衰遭遗弃的悲惨命运，道出封建社会千千万万被玩弄、遭遗弃的歌女艺妓的共同心声。
上片通过描写红歌女年轻时的盛况，反衬出年老的失意。
“家住西秦，赌博艺随身。”是歌女的语气自信而又自负。“家住西秦”是写实，因为下面有“数年来往咸京道”的句子，歌女当是住陕西附近。“赌”是比赛竞争之意。这两句是歌女述说自己的出身，自言具有多种浪漫的艺术技能，敢和人比赛竞争。
“花柳上，斗尖新。偶学念奴声调，有时高遏行云”，仍然是歌女十分自负的口气。“花柳上，斗尖新”之“花柳”代指一切歌舞艺术才能技巧。“斗”，仍是竞赛之意。“尖”，是高处，是过人之处。“新”，不是陈陈相因的旧套。合起来，这是歌女说自己多种艺术才能上敢和大家竞赛，并且比别人高超，新颖独创，绝不流俗。
“偶学念奴声调，有时高遏行云”，是具体形象地夸述自己的才能如何。“偶”，有随便之意。“念奴”是唐天宝年间有名的歌女。词中歌女似乎自豪地诉说：我偶尔随便一唱当年念奴曾经唱过的歌，能让天上的行云停住，听我歌唱，足见我唱得有多么美，多么动听。“高遏行云”，语出《列子·汤问》，说古有歌者秦青“抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云”。这几句，当是失意时回忆当年得意情事所言，所以，每一句自负的话后面，都有一种反衬中的失意悲慨。自负的口气，实是自负的不平。
“蜀锦缠头无数，不负辛勤”，写当年得意之时，歌声一发，令众人倾倒，博得赏赐无数，不辜负自己多年的辛劳。“蜀锦”，是四川的丝织品，当时很名贵，古时歌女多以锦缠头，因借“缠头”之名指称赠与她们的财帛。
下片描写歌女年老色衰后所遭逢的冷遇，抒发词人对她的无限同情。
“数年来往咸京道，残杯冷炙漫消魂”，是失意后凄凉冷落境遇的写照。从词里的“西秦”、“咸京道”地点上看，当是晏殊被贬知永兴时，慨叹自己的不平境遇而作的。可见作者这首词确有“借他人酒杯浇自己块垒”之寓意。这首词的整个口吻都寄托着感慨。“残杯冷炙”语本杜甫《赠韦左丞》诗：“骑驴十三载，旅食京华春。残怀与冷炙，到处潜悲辛”，此处写歌女境遇如此可悲，令人“消魂”。
“衷肠事，托何人？”歌者因为封建社会女子没有独立的地位，盼望能找一个可以终生相托的人，盼望找到一个足以托身的所，可以安身立命，终生为之奉献而不改变。“衷肠事”，是指内心的事，这里是指终生相托的大事。
“若有知音见采，不辞徧唱阳春”，仍是以歌女的口气自述：假如有一个知我心的人“见采”（“采”，选择、接纳），那么我将唱尽高雅美好的《阳春白雪》的曲子，把一切最美好的东西都奉献给他。这虽然是一个歌女的口吻，但又体现了一个中国旧知识分子、封建士大夫的报国之情。这里的“若有知音见采”之“若有”是实无，也就是悲叹找不到知音。
“一曲当筵落泪，重掩罗巾”了。可以想象得出，这个歌女酒筵前唱歌，想起当年得意之时的满堂彩声，眼下却这样凄清冷落，不禁当即流下了眼泪。而当时这个筵席前，作者由歌女之悲哀，引起了自身遭贬受逐，客居外乡的悲伤。晏殊所托喻的是歌女，而歌女内心即使有悲哀，眼中有泪水，也要“重掩罗巾”，不能让人看到。“重掩”，是屡次流泪，屡次擦干。每次感到悲哀，都要强作笑颜，其悲哀就更为深重了。
这首词在《珠玉词》中是别具一格的。从思想内容看，它一反以往流连酒歌的生活、相思离别的闲愁、风花雪月的吟咏，而是反映了一个被侮辱、被损害的歌女的不幸命运，具有较强的现实意义。从作品的风格来说，也一反以往的雍容华贵、闲雅圆融，而变得激越悲凉。这一转变或许与作者罢相知外郡的境遇有关，虽则词中没有象自居易的《琵琶行》明写“坐中泣下谁最多，江州司马青衫湿，”但读者仍可以看出作者借歌女之酒杯浇自己块垒的寓意。
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辛弃疾《
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清平乐·独宿博山王氏庵》
晏殊简介
唐代·晏殊的简介
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晏殊【yàn shū】（991-1055）字同叔，著名词人、诗人、散文家，北宋抚州府临川城人（今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人，位于香楠峰下，其父为抚州府手力节级），是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道（1037-1110），在当时北宋词坛上，被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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要路倦登临，渊明径好寻。
卷收名利帜，揭示圣贤心。
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句
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：
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李綯
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收得桑榆归物外，种成桃李满人间。
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真定行宫晚坐
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：
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弘历
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别馆花宫侧，轩斋阅岁年。晚芳生意趣，古干静因缘。
新月才堪对，清宵剧可怜。朦胧香阁影，空色悟初禅。
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自警三首 其三
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宋代：
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李吕
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嬖人排孟子，通国诮匡章。内省倘不疚，青蝇徒自忙。