鹧鸪天·欲上高楼去避愁
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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欲上高楼去避愁，愁还随我上高楼。经行几处江山改，多少亲朋尽白头。
归休去，去归休。不成人总要封侯？浮云出处元无定，得似浮云也自由。
鹧鸪天·欲上高楼去避愁译文及注释
译文
心想到高楼上观看美景躲避忧愁，忧愁还是跟着我上了高楼。我走过好几个地方江山都已面目全非，许许多多亲戚好友都已白了头。
回家退休吧，回到家中去退休。难道个个都要到边塞去立功封侯？浮云飘去飘来本来没有固定之处，我能够像浮云那样随心来去，该有多么自由。
注释
鹧鸪天：词牌名，又名《思佳客》，双调，五十五字，上、下片各三平韵。
经行：经过。
白头：头发变花白。
归休去：退休、致仕。去，语助词。
不成：反诘词，难道。
出处：指出仕与隐处，做官与退隐。元：同“原”。
得似：真是，宋元问人口语。
参考资料：
1、关永礼．白话宋词精华：哈尔滨出版社，1992：361
2、王延梯．辛弃疾词选：山东大学出版社，1999：218
3、郑竹青．中华诗词经典 第四卷：学习出版社，2011：2809
鹧鸪天·欲上高楼去避愁创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代无从得知。从词意上推断，此词可能是作于词人久经官场生涯的中年以后。在长久的官场生涯中，作者看透了其间尔虞我诈的种种现实。在仕宦与归隐的得失之间，他思之筹之，不得要领，因而愁绪百结，久不能脱。词人最终思考的结果是，自由自在的生活。这首词即是在这样的背景下创作的。
参考资料：
1、关永礼．白话宋词精华：哈尔滨出版社，1992：361
2、叶嘉莹．辛弃疾词新释辑评：中国书店，2006：864-865
鹧鸪天·欲上高楼去避愁鉴赏
上片主要抒发时光易逝的愁恨。起韵一笔包举，总言忧愁的难以摆脱，为下文分别诉说时光易逝之愁与功业难成之愁预留了地步。在这里，词人“天真地”想通过上楼登高来摆脱令他难以忍受又无法回避的忧愁的想法，本身就充满了奇趣，而他感到忧愁如有脚、又随他上楼的想法就更是奇中之奇。在表达上，化不可见的抽象之愁为有可以触碰与回避的有形之物，深得以形象写抽象的生动趣味，同时，“欲上······愁还”的传情方法，又为文气增加了转折跌宕的灵活之趣。接韵具体表明他所忧愁的内容，是自然也在变迁、亲朋也在衰老白头的时间不居之恨。“几处”与“多少”的限定，空处传神，包揽无限，写出了自然变迁和人生衰老之多简直无法据实计算的大愁苦。这种对于时光易逝的忧愁，是词人“时间意识”觉醒的表现，而“时间意识”又是与人对于存在的反思与觉悟有关的，是一种看似脆弱，其实深刻的对于生命虚无的体验，值得注意的是，词人产生这样深刻的生命虚无的痛苦，不是来自于单纯的哲学思考，而是由非常具体而强烈的生命体验所导致的。
于是，过片再进一层，揭示了导致其时间之愁的更直接的愁苦即功业难成之愁。他以感情强烈的语言反复其意与反问自己：说归去吧，还是归去吧，难道人一定要到封侯才肯罢休不成？意谓自己不必要等到做成封侯的功业才可归隐。实际上，它传达出了词人无法作成可封侯的大功业的愁苦。这样，上下片就由这两种愁苦在文理上连成浑然的一体。结韵进而揭出使自己产生时光易逝之愁与功业难成之愁的具体触机，是那种恍若浮云一样到处漂泊的游宦生涯。然后他再转过一层，巧妙运用“浮云”一词的双重比喻意义为自己下了这一转语，如果能像浮云一样逍遥自在也很自由。这样的转语，泄露了他“游宦成羁旅”的生命不自由的痛感。
这首词在表情达意上，采用层层剥笋的见心法，由愁一时间之愁一功业难成之愁一游宦成羁旅之愁，这样就由远而近，填充了越来越具体的生命痛苦：通过他的“剥笋”法抒情，越来越清晰地表现了他愁苦的来处。其总体艺术风貌是，感情浓郁，措意生动，文理自然而兼变化之趣。此外，因为暗喻的巧妙运用，这首词显示了深厚的韵味。
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发潭州》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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