辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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闲居三十载，遂与尘事冥。
诗书敦宿好，林园无世情。
如何舍此去，遥遥至南荆！
叩枻新秋月，临流别友生。
凉风起将夕，夜景湛虚明。
昭昭天宇阔，皛皛川上平。
怀役不遑寐，中宵尚孤征。
商歌非吾事，依依在耦耕。
投冠旋旧墟，不为好爵萦。
养真衡茅下，庶以善自名。
辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口译文及注释
译文
三十年来村居享悠闲，对于世态隔膜而不明。
原先爱好诗书现更爱，田园没有应酬之俗情。
为何舍弃田园而离去，千里迢迢去到那南荆？
荡起船桨击碎新秋月，水边暂告分手别亲朋。
傍晚凉风习习已吹起，月光照天夜色清空明。
天宇明净高远无边际，亮光闪闪江面水波平。
惦记差役不能安心睡，夜已将半还得独自行。
商歌求官不是我事业，留恋沮溺那样并力耕。
甩掉官帽决心返故里，高官厚禄本来不动情。
衡门茅舍才可修真性，或可凭善建立好声名。
注释
辛丑：指晋安帝隆安五年（401年）。赴假：赴准假之所，意即销假返任。江陵：当时的荆州镇地，是荆州刺史桓玄的驻所，在今湖北省江陵县。行：经过。涂口：地名，即今武汉市江夏区金口街，北宋前名涂口。
闲居：闲散在家。三十载：诗人二十九岁开始出仕任江州祭酒，“三十载”是举其成数。一说“三十”应作“三二”，三二得六，即闲居了六年。
尘事：指世俗之事。冥：冥漠，隔绝。
敦：厚。这里用作动词，即加厚，增加。宿（sù）好（hào）：昔日的爱好。宿，宿昔，平素。
林园：一作“园林”。世情：世俗之情。
如何：为何。舍此：指放弃田园生活。
南荆：荆州治所在湖北江陵，江陵古属南方楚国之地，故西晋称荆州为南荆。东晋沿用此习称。《文选》作“西荆”。
叩（kòu）：敲，击。枻（yì）：船舷。新秋：即孟秋，秋季的第一个月。
临流：在水边。友生：朋友。生是对年轻读书人的称呼。
将夕：暮之将临。夕，傍晚。
湛（zhàn）：澄清，清澈。虚明：空阔明亮。
昭昭：光明，明亮的的样子。
皛（xiǎo）：洁白明亮的样子。川上：此指江面。
怀役：犹言负役，身负行役。不遑（huáng）：不暇，没有工夫。
中宵：半夜。尚：犹，且。独征：独自远行。
商歌：指自荐求官。商，声调名，音悲凉。商歌非我事：意谓像宁戚那样热心于求官，不是我所愿意做的事。
依依：依恋、留恋的样子。耦（ǒu）耕：两人并肩而耕。这里指隐居躬耕。
投冠：抛弃官帽，即弃官，旋：返回。旧墟：这里指故乡旧居。
好（hǎo）爵：指高官厚禄。萦（yíng）：缠绕，束缚。
养真：养性修真，保持真朴的本性。衡茅：指简陋的住房。衡，同“横”，即“横木为门”。茅，茅屋。
庶：庶几。有“差不多”之意，在古语中常含希望、企求的成分。这里就有希望的意思。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：117-120
辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口创作背景
这首诗作于晋安帝隆安五年（401年）。隆安四年（400年）春，桓玄克荆州、雍州后，督八州即八郡军事，领荆州、江州刺史。当时陶渊明在桓玄幕府里供职。隆安五年七月，他回乡探亲假满，再次返回江陵（今湖北荆州）的官府。路经涂口时，写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：117-120
辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口鉴赏
此诗开头六句，是从题前着墨，借追念平生，写出自己的生活、情性，再转到当前。他这年三十七岁，说“闲居三十载”，是就大体举成数而言。过去精神寄托所在是诗书和园林，官场应酬这些尘事、虚伪欺诈这些俗情是远隔而无沾染的。四句盛写过去生活的值得追恋，也正是蓄势；接着便迸发出“如何舍此去，遥遥至西荆”的自诘，强烈表现出自悔、自责。这里用十字成一句作反诘，足见出表现的力度；说“遥遥至西荆（荆州在京都之西）”，自然不仅是指地理上的“遥遥”，而且也包括与荆人在情性、心理上的相隔“遥遥”。
“叩枻”以下八句是第二节。前六句正面写“夜行”，也写内心所感。诗人挥手告别岸边的友人，举棹西行。这时，新秋月上，凉风乍起，夜景虚明一片，天宇空阔无垠，平静的江波上闪映着月影，望过去分外皎洁。这是无限美好的境界，但是，作者如此着力描写这秋江夜景，不是因为“情乐则景乐”（吴乔《围炉诗话》），而正是为了反跌出自己役事在身、中宵孤行之苦。一切美景，对此时的诗人说来，都成虚设；反足以引发其深思，既追抚已往，也思考未来。这样，“怀役”两句，便成了绾结上下的关捩语句。
结尾六句，抒写夜行所感。在上节所写境和情的强烈矛盾下，诗人不自禁地像在自语，也像在对大江、秋月倾诉：“商歌非吾事，依依在耦耕”——像宁戚那样唱着哀伤的歌来感动齐桓公以干禄求仕的世不乏人，而自己却恋恋于像长沮、桀溺那样的并肩而耕。“商歌”、“耦耕”，代表着两条截然不同的生活道路，作者在此已作了明确的抉择。“耦耕”是“归隐”的代称，所以下文就是对未来生活的具体考虑：首先是“投冠”（不是一般的“挂冠”），掷弃仕进之心，不为高官厚俸牵肠挂肚；其次是返归故里，在衡门茅舍之下、在田园和大自然的怀抱中，养其浩然真气。诗人深沉地想：要是这样，大概可以达到“止于至善”的境界了吧。一个“庶”字，也表现出诗人对崇高的人生境界的不息追求。
诗中作者用白描手法写江上夜行的所见、所遇，无一不真切、生动，发人兴会。其抒述感慨，都是发自肺腑的真情实语。方东树说：“读陶公诗，专取其真。事真、景真、情真、理真，不烦绳削而自合”（《昭昧詹言》）；又说：“读陶公诗，须知其直书即目，直书胸臆，逼真而道腴”（《昭昧詹言》），此篇就是一个典型例子。
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陶渊明《
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辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·十九》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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孙膑古名将，庞涓俱学兵。刖足见齐使，始识田将军。
指麾辎车中，号令若风霆。引兵走大梁，遂解邯郸城。
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云溪杂咏
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：
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郭印
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林园无俗物，满目是琅玕。
非雾昼常晦，不见夏亦寒。
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挽戴南湾
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明代：
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陈龙
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南浦蒹葭覆钓舟，草堂人去水空流。凄凉烟月沧洲晚，憔悴霜风玉树秋。
身世百年同逆旅，功名两字等浮沤。史臣异日书高洁，东汉严光是匹俦。