过五原胡儿饮马泉
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唐代]：李益
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绿杨著水草如烟，旧是胡儿饮马泉。
几处吹笳明月夜，何人倚剑白云天。
从来冻合关山路，今日分流汉使前。
莫遣行人照容鬓，恐惊憔悴入新年。
过五原胡儿饮马泉译文及注释
译文
杨柳拂水，丰草映目，风光绮丽，春意盎然，这里曾经是胡人饮马的地方。
明月当空，空旷的原野上，隐隐传来哀婉的胡笳声。想必是哪里发生军事行动，不知又是哪些壮士正在英勇卫国。
冰雪严寒，关山险阻，道路坎坷，那是过去的惨景。如今气候解冻，春水分流。
这潺潺清流，恰似一面光亮的镜子，能照见人景，然而切莫照呀，如果看见自己憔悴的面容怕是要吃惊呢！
注释
饮马泉：指?鹈泉。诗原注：“?鹈泉在丰州城北，胡人饮马于此。”
著水：拂水，形容垂杨丝长，可以拂到水面。
笳：即胡笳，古代军中号角。
分流：春天泉流解冻，绿水分流。汉使：诗人自指。
莫遣：莫使。行人：旅途中的人。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：315-316
过五原胡儿饮马泉创作背景
五原这片水草丰盛的地方是唐和吐蕃反复争夺之地，且离诗人的家乡陇西较近。所以诗人经过长途跋涉，重到这块被收复的失地后，国难、乡愁以及对个人前途、命运等感慨思虑都一齐涌向心头。在一种百感交集的复杂情绪的支配下，写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、倪其心 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：702-703
过五原胡儿饮马泉鉴赏
此诗为七言律诗，题目中五原是古称，即唐丰州九原，今为内蒙古五原。中唐时，这是唐和吐蕃反复争夺的边缘地区。李益曾为幽州节度使刘济幕府，居边塞十余年。这首诗是李益的代表作。
诗的头两句先写收复后的饮马泉的明媚春色。春天里的饮马泉，杨柳轻拂，绿草无边，呈现出一片静谧、迷人的景色。然而曾几何时，这片肥沃的土地，曾沦陷于胡人的铁蹄之下，任其践踏，根本没有这种冬去春来，劫后复苏的情景。“旧是”二字，含蓄婉转，既包含对今日收复的喜悦，也透露出对昔日国难的感慨与忧思。
三、四句写夜宿五原的见闻。五原之夜，明月皎皎，笳鸣声声，这一静一动，更有力地烘托出塞外之地空旷、辽阔的意境。笳鸣，是古时的军号声，其悲壮苍凉的音调，最能拨动久于旅生活的爱国诗人的心弦，使他们心中刹时涌现出驰骋疆场的豪情，所以下句“何人倚剑白云天”的联想就显得极为脱落自然。
“何人”是不定指的反问，既是边塞鸣笳之地，将士们冲锋陷阵、为国捐躯的真实写照；也是诗人理想中所希冀的能多有一些倚剑天外的英雄来保卫边疆的恳切愿望。这种感情是复杂的，既含有喜悦的赞叹，又蕴藏着担忧的感伤。它透露出五原这一带虽然眼下已被收复，但形势尚很紧张，边防能否巩固尚令人担心。
五、六句写饮马泉由冬到春的变化，暗喻收复后与收复前的今昔不同。“从来”是指过去，说明作者随同节度使来到饮马泉已不是走了一天两天，而是在漫长的道路上几乎走过了一冬天。那时关塞道路，冰冻一片，坎坷难行；而今的饮马泉已是春天，寒冰解冻，绿水分流。严冬与阳春之景，艰难与欢畅之情，恰形成鲜明的对照。
最后两句直抒胸臆，有收束全篇的作用。五原饮马泉是一面历史的镜子，诗人从饮马泉眼前的景色，回想到饮马泉的历经变迁，从饮马泉的历经变迁联想到自己多年从军的坎坷生涯。国势的衰颓，战乱的频繁，个人的失意，使忧国思乡的诗人在军旅中度过了大半生，消耗了美好的青春，而今面容憔悴，年华消逝。“恐惊”二字，写出了诗人怕回首往事功业未成的沉痛心情。个人的命运，与国家的局势、边防的安危紧密结合，似水到渠成般地把全诗的思想感情收结起来。
摄取典型形象，运用多种手法，寄情于景，是此诗突出的艺术特点。全诗八句，几乎一句一个景象，象电影镜头一样连续放映出八个画面：春光明媚的大草原；碧波荡漾的饮马泉；笳声悲壮的空旷月夜；倚剑天外的守边将士；冰雪封冻的关塞之路；汉使面前的流水淙淙；以及怕临泉照影的憔悴老人和回忆中的当年之英武青年。这些画面内容丰富，意义深刻；画面中有景色，有人物；有眼前的，也有过去的；有近处的，也有远处的；有看到的，也有听到和想到的。
这一系列的画面，虽各有不同的侧重点，但最终都以诗人的行踪为线索，融汇在诗人对边塞形势的感慨中，从而生动和谐地组成了一幅“过五原”的大画卷。面对这幅色彩绚丽，含蓄深沉的画卷，不由使人产生无尽的遐想和回味。
同激昂高扬的盛唐边塞诗相比，李益这首诗忧伤重于欢欣，失望多于希望，情调大相径庭。这是不同时代使然。同时，正由于诗人具有爱国热忱，因而明知前途难测，希望微茫，却仍然要给人以欢欣和希望，这是诗人思想感情使然。这就使这首诗独具一种风格，欢而不乐，伤而不哀，明快而婉转，悠扬而低回，把复杂矛盾的思想感情表现得和谐动人，含蓄不尽。明人胡震亨概括李益边塞诗的基本情调是“悲壮婉转”，能“令人凄断”，这首诗正可作为代表。
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岑参《
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客舍悲秋有怀两省旧游呈幕中诸公》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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大鹏抟九霄，不如海鸥逸。白首归故里，心神犹恍忽。
我足不良行，我言竟谁述。多君富文藻，词源倒溟渤。
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唐州太守
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宋代：
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李师中
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时属艰危应有系，天於名教岂无心。
大都狂贼终须灭，未杀忠臣祸不深。