虞美人·深闺春色劳思想
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唐代]:顾夐
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深闺春色劳思想,恨共春芜长。黄鹂娇啭泥芳妍,杏枝如画倚轻烟、琐窗前。
凭阑愁立双娥(é)细,柳影斜摇砌。玉郎还是不还家?教人魂梦逐杨花、绕天涯。
虞美人·深闺春色劳思想译文及注释
译文
满园春色叩开我的闺房,拨动闺中人的愁思苦想,我心中不尽的怨愁啊,伴随着芳草一天天滋长。花丛里黄鹂在娇婉地啼鸣,薄薄的春雾飘浮在红杏枝上;我在琐窗前无限惆怅。
在思愁中凭栏远望,一双蛾眉又细又长。玉郎还是不回家来,只见柳影斜斜地摇动长廊。柳的飘摇里我的梦魂在幻化,思绪在追逐纷飞的杨花,在天涯里寻觅,在天涯里漂荡。
注释
深闺:女子所居之内室。劳思想:即勤思念。《诗经·燕燕》:“瞻望弗及,实劳我心。”
春芜:春天的杂草。芜,一作“无”,一作“光”。
泥芳妍:在花间萦回。泥,留滞,此有萦回之意。芳妍:指花丛。
琐:一作“锁”。
双娥细:双眉紧锁。娥,一作“蛾”。
砌:台阶。
玉郎:古代女子对丈夫的爱称。
杨花:柳絮。
参考资料:
1、钱国莲 等.花间词全集:当代世界出版社,2002:143
2、房开江 崔黎民.花间集全译:贵州人民出版社,1990:433-434
3、陈如江.花间词:浙江教育出版社, 2007:150
虞美人·深闺春色劳思想鉴赏
凭阑愁立双娥细,柳影斜摇砌。玉郎还是不还家?教人魂梦逐杨花、绕天涯。
此首为思妇之词。开头两句,通摄全词,点明由春色引起春恨。上片主要写春色,下片主要写春恨。上下片仿佛两个相连的画面,全词情景交融。
开始两句十二字,内蕴丰富。“深闺”暗示抒情主人公是少妇,面对恼人春色,不禁情思绵绵。一个“劳”字透露出她那“为君憔悴尽,百花时”的隐痛。由“劳”瘁而怨“恨”,可见其爱之深切。“恨共春芜长”,佳在“春芜”一词含义双重面使全句意味隽永。以春草喻离别,是中国古典诗歌的传统。远如“王孙游兮不归,春草生兮萋萋”(《楚辞·招隐士》),又如“离恨恰如春草,更行更远还生”(李煜《清平乐》)。以上“春草”都是本义,没有引申之意。而“恨共春芜长”的“春芜”,除春草本义外,还隐寓行人之意,也就是说此句不仅有闺中人的怨恨随着春草不断增长之意,还含有“平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外”的人越远、恨越长之意。这就深化了诗意,即前人所谓得“句外意”之妙。下面三句写景,以具体意象补充首句“春色”,选取深闺“琐窗前”的视角写思妇所见所闻。“黄鹂娇啭泥芳妍,杏枝如画倚轻烟”两句宛如五代花鸟画,用笔工细,着色鲜艳。前一句声色并茂,以声为主,富有动势。黄鹂的婉啭娇鸣,似与满园春色而共语。后一句写杏枝倚立于淡淡烟霭中,恬静如画。这春色以黄鹂、红杏为主,缀以群芳的姹紫嫣红,一片暖色,再加上黄鹂悦耳的娇啼,真是“红杏枝头春意闹”不足喻其美。少妇透过琐窗听见以上春光,当比“忽见陌头杨柳色”感触更为深婉了。上片如从思维顺序出发,触景而生情,则开头两句亦可算是逆笔。
从上结至过片,时空转换为另一个画面。张炎云:“最是过片,不要断了曲意。”(《词源·制曲》)“凭阑”句既自成画面,又未断意脉。原来闺中人被春色所吸引,不满足于隔窗观花,她轻移莲步,款款伫立于阑干旁,含愁凝眸。“双娥细”,以秀眉的细长以形容其青春貌美。“‘柳影斜摇砌”,是思妇凭阑所见,也是下片唯一景语,寥寥五字,一波三折,确是词的当行本色语。表层意思是柳条之影因风吹斜而摇曳于台阶,但其中还隐含摇落了杨花、杨花飘落于“砌”两层意思。这三层意思浓缩于五字句中,写得极密。五字中没有“杨花”字样,而于下文显现,是诗人匠心所在。下文思妇的内心独白,由上片的蓄势,直至此句才引发出来。从杨花的摇落,联想自己红颜将凋零,所以她痛苦地唱出了全词的最强音:“玉郎还是不还家,教人魂梦逐杨花,绕天涯。”和开头暗相呼应。她终日盼不回丈夫,怅恨之情悠然而生,于是嗔问道:“你倒是回来不回来?叫人家成天价象在梦魂中一看,跟着那漫天的柳絮,绕世界去神游寻觅!”这种奇思遐想,意味深长,倾吐出少妇的无限离愁和情思。“魂梦逐杨花”为思妇词开创了新的意境,对后代有所影响,如晏几道名句:“梦魂惯得无拘检,又踏杨花过谢桥。”(《鹧鸪天》)似受此词启发,又如章楶的《水龙吟·杨花》以及苏轼的和词,咏杨花而和思妇情怀相联,也似乎受到此词的影响。
《花间》词温庭筠多丽藻,韦庄多质朴语。顾敻成就不及温、韦,此词却能熔丽藻与质朴于一炉,使之疏密相间,恰到好处。
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晏几道《
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浪淘沙·小绿间长红》
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晏几道《
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浪淘沙·小绿间长红》
顾夐简介
唐代·顾夐的简介
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顾敻,五代词人。生卒年、籍贯及字号均不详。前蜀王建通正(916)时,以小臣给事内廷,见秃鹫翔摩诃池上,作诗刺之,几遭不测之祸。后擢茂州刺史。入后蜀,累官至太尉。顾夐能诗善词。 《花间集》收其词55首,全部写男女艳情。
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