春思二首
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唐代]：贾至
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草色青青柳色黄，桃花历乱李花香。
东风不为吹愁去，春日偏能惹恨长。
笙歌日暮能留客，醉杀长安轻薄儿。
春思二首鉴赏
贾至的《春思二首》载于《全唐诗》卷二百三十五。下面是古典诗词专家陈邦炎先生对组诗第一首（“草色青青柳色黄”）的赏析。
贾至在唐肃宗朝曾因事贬为岳州司马。唐汝询在《唐诗解》中认为贾至所写的一些绝句“皆谪居楚中而作”。这首诗大概也是他在贬谪期间所写。诗中表达的愁恨，看来不是一般的闲愁闲恨，而是由他当时的身份和处境产生的流人之愁、逐客之恨。可与这首诗参证的有他的另一首《西亭春望》诗：
“日长风暖柳青青，北雁归飞入窅冥。
岳阳楼上闻吹笛，能使春心满洞庭。”
这里，除明写诗人身在岳州外，“柳青青”的景色与“草色青青柳色黄”既很像，而“日长风暖”的景象也近似“偏能惹恨长”的“春日”与“不为吹愁去”的“东风”。至于“满洞庭”的“春心”，与这首诗题所称的“春思”也大致同义。“春心”是因春来雁去而触发的旅情归心；“春思”是纵然在美好的春光中仍然排遣不去的、与日俱长的愁恨。
这首诗题作《春思》，诗中也句句就春立意。在艺术手法的运用上，诗人是以前两句反衬后两句，使所要表达的愁恨显得加倍强烈。首句“草色青青柳色黄”，已经用嫩绿、鹅黄两色把这幅春草丛生、柳丝飘拂的生机盎然的画面点染得十分明媚；次句“桃花历乱李花香”，更用暗笔为这幅画添上嫣红、洁白两色，并以写气图貌之笔传出了花枝披离、花气氤氲的浓春景象，使画面上的春光更加艳冶，春意更加喧闹。诗人在这两句里写足了春景，其目的在从反面衬托出与这良辰美景形成强烈对照的无法消除的深愁苦恨。
后两句诗就转而写诗人的愁恨。这种愁恨深深植根于内心之中，是不可能因外界春光的美好而消除的。南唐冯延已《鹊踏枝》词中“每到春来，惆怅还依旧”两句，就是直接写出了这一事实。而贾至不这样直写，却别出奇思，以出人意表的构思，使诗意的表现更有深度，更为曲折。
诗的第三句“东风不为吹愁去”，不说自己愁重难遣，而怨东风冷漠无情，不为遣愁。这在诗思上深一层、曲一层，使诗句有避平见奇之妙。第四句“春日偏能惹恨长”，不说因愁闷而百无聊奈，产生度日如年之感，却反过来说成是春日惹恨，把恨引长，其立意就更新奇，遣词就更有深意。
人们在心烦意乱、无可奈何的时候，往往会迁怒他人或迁怒于物。可是，诗人把愁恨责怪到与其毫不相干的东风、春日头上，既怪东风不解把愁吹去，又怪春日反而把恨引长，这似乎太没有道理了。但从诗歌是抒情而不是说理的语言来看，从诗人独特的感受和丰富的联想来说，又自有其理在。因为：诗人的愁，固然无形无迹，不是东风所能吹去，但东风之来，既能驱去严寒，使草木复苏，诗人就也希望它能把他心中的愁吹去，因未能吹去而失望、而抱怨，这又是合乎人情，可以理解的。诗人的恨，固然不是春日所能延长或缩短，但春季来临后，白昼一天比一天长，在诗人的感觉上，会感到日子更难打发。张华《情诗》“居欢惜夜促，在戚怨宵长”，李益《同崔邠登鹳雀楼》诗“事去千年犹恨速，愁来一日即知长”，所写的都是同一心理状态，表达了诗人主观上的时间感。从这样的心理状态出发，诗人抱怨春日把恨引长，也是在情理之中的。
诗的语言有时不妨突破常理，但又必须可以为读者所理解。也就是说，一首诗可以容纳联想、奇想、幻想、痴想，却不是荒诞不经的胡思乱想；诗人可以自由地飞翔他的想象之翼，却在感情的表达上要有可以引起读者共感之处。这首《春思》诗，正是如此。
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上一首：
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戴叔伦《
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苏溪亭》
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郑愔《
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春怨》
贾至简介
唐代·贾至的简介
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贾至（718—772）字幼隣，唐代洛阳人，贾曾之子。生于唐玄宗开元六年，卒于唐代宗大历七年，年五十五岁。擢明经第，为军父尉。安禄山乱，从唐玄宗幸蜀，知制诰，历中书舍人。时肃宗即位于灵武，玄宗令至作传位册文。至德中，将军王去荣坐事当诛，肃宗惜去荣材，诏贷死。至切谏，谓坏法当诛。广德初，为礼部侍郎，封信都县伯。后封京兆尹，兼御史大夫。卒，谥文。至著有文集三十卷， 《唐才子传》有其传。
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