菩萨蛮·宿水口
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宋代]：洪瑹
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断虹远饮横江水，万山紫翠斜阳里。
系马短亭西，丹枫明酒旗。
浮生常客路，事逐孤鸿去。
又是月黄昏，寒灯人闭门。
菩萨蛮·宿水口鉴赏
《菩萨蛮·宿水口》是宋末词人洪瑹于途中投宿水口（今安徽省来安县水口镇）之时，即景抒情，写下的抒发羁旅幽思的小词。这首《菩萨蛮》，上阕重在写景，下阕重在抒情，符合一般小令的结构规律。在整个词中，词人的感情是有发展变化的，非平铺直叙的作品所能及。
起首“断虹远饮横江水，万山紫翠斜阳里。”二句写远景。雨后初晴，一道断虹斜插于东南方的长江之上，在夕阳落照之下，千山万水，一片紫翠。“系马短亭西，丹枫明酒旗”。两句转写投宿，兼及近景。短亭，古时修于官道旁；以供行人休息的亭子，大凡五里一短亭，十里一长亭。“系马短亭西”，说明客舍就在此近旁：“丹枫明酒旗”，说明客舍兼营酒水。短短四句，恍如一幅画卷，给人印象最深的是色彩绚丽，诗意盎然。词人好象手握一枝调色彩笔，精心构画，于是画面上出现了红黄橙绿青蓝紫的彩虹，紫中带翠的山岭出现了，青旗（酒旗色青，亦称青旆）、红枫也出现了“断虹远饮横江水”中的“饮”字，带有“追琢”的痕迹。况周颐说：“词太做，嫌琢；太不做，嫌率。欲求恰如分际，此中消息，正复难言。”（《蕙风词话》卷一）可见他不是反对追琢，而是反对“太做”，即追琢过分。若“恰如分际”，这种追琢还是必要的。复有“明”字，青旗、红枫，判然可见，色彩明丽。
下阕抒写客居此地的孤独之感。换头“浮生常客路，事逐孤鸿去。”二句，谓词人奔走仕途，一事无成。“浮生”语出《庄子。刻意》“其生若浮，其死若休。”词人这里借用，表示了对仕途的厌倦。“事逐孤鸿去”，大概是说往事不可追寻，已逝之时光亦不能再返，感慨至深，故亦真挚感人。结尾“又是月黄昏，寒灯人闭门。”二句饶有韵味。从时间上看，上阕写夕阳时候，提到山犹染紫；这里说“月黄昏”，则已暮色苍茫了。其上着以“又是”二字，说明词人在外不知漂泊了多少个日日夜夜，尝尽了千愁万苦。时已云暮，词人只有点上寒灯，闭门独坐而已。唐人马戴《灞上秋居》诗有句云“寒灯独夜人”，词境似之，但换用“人闭门”三字，则变成有我之境，与李重元《忆王孙。春景》词的结句“欲黄昏，雨打梨花深闭门”，有异曲同工之妙。
这首《菩萨蛮》，上阕重在写景，下阕重在抒情，符合一般小令的结构规律。但前后对比，又有明显的映照作用：开始时词人远眺断虹饮水，斜日含山，心情比较平静、舒畅；结尾时闭门独坐，孤灯相伴，自然产生抑塞无聊之感。因此在整个词中，词人的感情是有发展变化的，非平铺直叙的作品所能及。
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周邦彦《
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庆春宫·云接平冈》
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柳永《
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迷神引·一叶扁舟轻帆卷》
洪瑹简介
唐代·洪瑹的简介
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宋人，字叔玙，自号空同词客。有《空同词》。
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庚戌春赴南雍省侍秋半乃还颇有赋咏而亡其稿追忆仅得此下十章 其八 过芜湖
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天地容疏拙，风波托死生。不将诗句觅，对景若为情。
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冰蚕丝断琅玕折，湘妃竹死青冥裂。短长亭，几千程。
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：
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释怀深
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：
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翳其性之慎独兮，托其根在空谷兮。帝命专于南服兮，不与春荣相逐兮。
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