鸳鸯
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两汉]：佚名
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鸳鸯于飞，毕之罗之。君子万年，福禄宜之。
鸳鸯在梁，戢其左翼。君子万年，宜其遐福。
乘马在厩，摧之秣之。君子万年，福禄艾之。
乘马在厩，秣之摧之。君子万年，福禄绥之。
鸳鸯译文及注释
译文
鸳鸯双双轻飞翔，遭遇大小罗与网。祝福君子万年寿，福禄一同来安享。
鸳鸯相偎在鱼梁，喙儿插进左翅膀。祝福君子万年寿，一生幸福绵绵长。
拉车辕马在马房，每天喂草喂杂粮。祝福君子万年寿，福禄把他来滋养。
拉车辕马在马槽，每天喂粮喂饲草。祝福君子万年寿，福禄齐享永相保。
注释
鸳鸯：鸭科水鸟名。古人以此鸟雌雄双居，永不分离，故称之为“匹鸟”。
毕：长柄的捕鸟小网。罗：无柄的捕鸟网。
宜：《说文解字》：“宜，所安也。”引申为享。
梁：筑在水中拦鱼的石坝，即鱼梁。
戢（jí）：插。谓鸳鸯栖息时将喙插在左翅下。
遐（xiá）：长远。
乘（shèng）：四匹马拉的车子。乘马引申为拉车的马。厩（jiù）：马棚。
摧（cuò）：通“莝”，铡草喂马。郑笺：“今‘莝’字也。”《说文解字》：“莝，斩刍也。”秣（mò）：用粮食喂马。
艾：养。一说意为辅助。
绥（suí）：安。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：524-525
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：473-474
鸳鸯创作背景
对此诗背景及主旨的解释历代有不同说法，一种说法认为此诗为讽刺周幽王而作，以《毛诗序》为代表。另一种观点认为这是祝贺新婚的诗，以明代人何楷为代表。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：524-525
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：473-474
鸳鸯鉴赏
此诗前二章以鸳鸯起兴，后二章以马起兴。鸳鸯是成双成对的鸟，马和亲迎之礼有关，故可以认为这是一首同婚姻有关的诗歌。前二章赞美男女双方才貌匹配，爱情忠贞；后二章祝福其生活富足美满。
此诗一、二章以鸳鸯匹鸟兴夫妇爱慕之情。两章描绘了一对五彩缤纷的鸳鸯，拍动着羽毛绚丽的翅膀，双双飞翔在辽阔的天空，雌雄相伴，两情相依，情有独钟，心有所许，多么美妙的时刻，多么美好的图画！在遭到捕猎的危险时刻，仍然成双成对，忠贞不渝，并不是大难临头各自飞。从同甘到共苦两种境遇的转变，进一步展现了鸳鸯高洁的品格，挖掘了鸳鸯的典型的独特的禀性，较好地运用了象征的艺术手法，为后面对人物的抒写做了充分的准备。在第二章中，诗人抓住鸳鸯小憩时的一个细节，描摹入微，观察至细。在芳草萋萋的小坝上，一对鸳鸯相依相偎，红艳的嘴巴插入左边的翅膀，闭目养神，恬静悠闲，如一幅明丽淡雅的江南水墨风景图，满含着对美好生活的深深眷恋与无限追求。这二章一动一静，描摹毕肖，既是对今后婚姻生活的象征性写照，也是对婚姻的主观要求和美好希望。生活之中，欢乐与痛苦必然并存，既有甜蜜的欣悦，也有凄苦的哀愁，但只要双方心心相印、相濡以沫，苦乐之中就都有幸福在，即无所畏惧。诗人以鸳鸯比喻夫妻，贴切自然，易于引起欣赏者的共鸣，其形象逐渐积淀为中国传统文化的一种原型，为后世所普遍接受。
诗的第三、四章以摧秣乘马，兴结婚亲迎之礼，充满了对婚后生活的美好憧憬。抓住迎亲所用的厩中肥马这一典型细节，引发人对婚礼情景的丰富联想：隆重、热烈、喜庆；并且厩有肥马也反映着生活的富足。这都含蓄地暗示了婚姻美好的客观条件：男女般配，郎才女貌，感情专一，家产丰裕；反映了诗人的婚姻价值观念，也是对理想人生、美好人生的由衷礼赞。
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佚名《
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白华》
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佚名《
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绸缪》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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