念奴矫·送陈正言
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宋代]：家铉翁
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南来数骑，问征尘、正是江头风恶。耿耿孤忠磨不尽，惟有老天知得。短棹浮淮，轻毡渡汉，回首觚棱泣。缄书欲上，惊传天外清跸。
路人指示荒台，昔汉家使者，曾留行迹。我节君袍雪样明，俯仰都无愧色。送子先归，慈颜未老，三径有余乐。逢人问我，为说肝肠如昨。
念奴矫·送陈正言鉴赏
以“南来数骑，问征尘”二句起笔，写作者对南方形势的关心，所以碰到从南宋来的人就向他询问消息。但询问的结果，却是“江头风恶”，即形势不好。家铉翁北赴之后，南宋流亡小朝廷继续坚持斗争，这里，作者关心的，可能就是这种反元斗争形势。“耿耿”两句，写出作者（也可能包括陈正言在内）的孤忠与气节。“磨不尽”三字，指耿耿孤忠如磐石一般的坚固，同时也包含了他在北方所受的种种磨难。磨难愈重，他的志向就愈加坚定，作者的精神品质由此可见，但因为作者身在北地，远离祖国，其孤忠不被人知，故云“唯有老天知得”。“短棹”五句，则转入对丙子（1276）之难的回忆。这五句所写乃是南宋临安被破的过程，其惨痛之情状，令作者终身难忘铭心。“短棹浮淮，轻毡渡汉”，是写元军南下。元军渡淮，揭开了亡宋战争的序幕；而元军（元人戴毡笠，故这里以“轻毡”称之）渡汉水，则直接导致了临安的陷落。元军在襄樊战役之后，立即潜兵入汉水，水陆并进，与渡淮元军互相呼应，势如破竹，于是在德祐二年正月，兵临临安城下。“回首觚棱泣”是写作者在北赴途中回望京城宫阙而失声痛哭。“觚棱”，即觚稜，本指殿堂屋角上的瓦脊形状，这里代指宫阙。词中“缄书欲上、惊传天外清跸”，指的是这一历史事件。
“清跸”，指皇帝出行时，清道戒严，这里指宋三宫北迁。事变大而迅速，故加“惊”字。大都、临安相距三千余里，故云“天外”。以上这五句，写事变接踵而起，连用“短棹”、“轻毡”、“回首”、“欲上”、“惊传”等语词，语气急促，有倏忽千里之势，作者在回忆这段历史时心头的压抑悲怆，历历在目。词的下片写作者被扣留北方后所经受的种种磨难。以及作者慨然面对，毫不动摇的气节风骨。“路人”五句，写作者引苏武自喻。“昔汉家使者”，指苏武，由“路人指示荒台”句看，苏武“曾留行迹”的“荒台”，正在作者眼前。所以，“曾留行迹”，既是写苏武的经历，也是写作者自己遭际。以喻作者与苏武当年处境相同。“我节”两句，是将自与苏武并提并论，苏武持节漠北，最终不改初衷，而作者也同样是“我节君袍雪样明”。家铉翁身处绝域，不变节，不易服，贞如冰雪，故云“雪样明”；其心迹行事，对得起天地，对得起国家和人民，所以说“俯仰都无愧色”。结处“送子”五句，是送别陈正言的话，意思有两层，一是趁您堂上“慈颜未老”，正可回去与家团圆承欢，并享三径馀乐。“三径”，即指隐居故园，是用蒋诩故事。西汉末，王莽专权，兖州刺史蒋诩辞官回归故里，院中辟有三径，只与求仲、羊仲往来。二是表示自己不易其节。这层意思是通过回答故人询问的形式来表现的，一片赤城之心寓于委婉的言辞之中，虽不是表面上的铿锵有力，掷地有声，但读来却更令人感慨不已，由衷叹赞。从家铉翁的《则堂集》看，大约凡友朋回南，他送别时总要表达同样的心情。
此词上片虽从眼前现状落笔，但主要还是写对过去那段惊心动魄的历史的回忆，多用赋笔的手法，下片则重在抒写自己的心情与气节。在异域之中送别具有同样遭遇的友人回到也同样为自己所朝思暮想的地方，最容易让人激动感伤。同时也激励他人，作者送别友人，只能依旧在北国羁留，心中的愁苦可谓至深。
然而作者却并未伤悲沉沦，而是以此自励，鼓动起感动天地的忠节气概。这种词，是一般送别词所无法比拟。至今读之，依旧觉其中蕴藏着一种坚如磐石的沉稳和不可征服的坚韧力量，不禁为之掩泣，为之勉励。
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孟浩然《
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送辛大之鄂渚不及》
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辛弃疾《
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送湖南部曲》
家铉翁简介
唐代·家铉翁的简介
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家铉翁（约1213～1297）号则堂，眉州（今四川省眉山市东坡区）人。家铉翁身长七尺，状貌奇伟，威严儒雅。以荫补官，累官知常州，迁浙东提点刑狱，入为大理少卿。宋亡，守志不仕。元成宗即位（1294），放还，赐号处士，时年八十二，后数年以寿终。《宋史》有传。有《则堂集》六卷，《彊（强）村丛书》辑为《则堂诗馀》一卷。词存三首收于《全宋词》中。
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