导读：1．表示并列、平行关系：and 和 both…and 两个都 as well as 也，又 as well=also =too也 not…but…不是……而是 neither
1．表示并列、平行关系：
and 和 both…and 两个都 as well as 也，又 as well=also =too也
not…but…不是……而是 neither…nor即不……也不
that…but that…不是因为……而是因为 not only…but also不仅…而且
The drops of rain make a hole in the stone, not by violence, but by falling
滴水穿石，不是靠努力，而是靠持之以恒。
2 表示转折关系：
but 但是 however然而 yet然而 else=otherwise=or否则
Love is all well in its way, but friendship is much higher 爱情诚可贵，友情价更高。
3 表示选择关系：
or或者 either…or…要么…要么 whether…or not…是…不是…
With the help of the science and technology, glass can be made as hard as steel, or as soft as silk, or as light as paper, or as heavy as iron
借助于科学技术，玻璃可以被制作的像钢一样硬，像丝一样柔，像纸一样轻，像铁一样重。
4 表示对比关系：
on one hand一方面 on the other hand另一方面
while而 similarly 同样地, 类似地 instead (of)相反
rather than而不是 on the contrary=conversely相反地
The past belongs to wisdom, the present to action, while to joy the future
智慧属于过去，行动所以现在，而欢乐属于未来。
5 表示递进、补充、强调：
besides=in addition=additionally另外、此外 above all最为重要的是
moreover=furthermore而且、此外 what’s more为重要的是
in the meantime =meanwhile同时 especially尤其是
particularly=in particular特别 still仍然、还要
what’s worse =still worse更为严重地 including 包括
Your courage especially your determination can lead to your success in time
你的勇气，尤其是你的毅力会使你最终走向成功。
6 表示因果关系：
so(therefore)所以因此 because(as, for)因为 for the reason that由于
as a result(of)结果 for fear that(担心) thus因而、这样、如此
now that(since)既然、由于 thanks\due\owing to=because of 因为
Don’t regret Don’t complain Even the sun has black sports Therefore, it is impossible that there is no dissatisfaction on the world
莫叹息！莫埋怨！既然太阳也有黑点，人世间的事情就更不可能没有缺陷。
7 表示让步关系：
although=though=while as=much=that虽然；尽管
even though\if 即使；虽然 after all毕竟
of course\certainly当然 in spite of不顾、不管
If you want to have more roses, you must plant trees After all, it will never rain roses
天上没有掉下来的馅饼，不劳而获是不可能的。
8 表示举例、解释、说明：
in other words换句话说 that is to say也就是说
that is (namely)即、也就是 or rather 更准确地说
such as=like例如、诸如 for example=for instance例如
To think we are able is about to be so, in other words, to determine upon success is frequently success itself 自信有能力几乎等于有能力，也就是说，决心成功往往就等于成功。
9 表示目的、结果关系：
so that 以便、为了、结果是 in order that 以便、为了
in order (not) to 为了（不）… so as (not) to 结果是…、为了（不）
We eat in order to live and we live in order not to eat
我们吃饭是为了活着，但我们活着不是为了吃饭。
10 表示总结、评述：
in short=in brief总之；简言之 in a word=altogether总而言之
as above-mentioned… 如上所述 That’s no wonder…难怪…
That’s why…那就是…原因 There’s no doubt that…毫无疑问
on the whole 总的来说 personally就我个人而言
in general=generally (speaking) strictly speaking 从严格意义上讲
in the long run 从长远来看 in a sense 从某种意义上
it is obvious that=It’s clear that… as \so far ad I know 就我所知
Clearly=Obviously显而易见 As (it) is known …众所周知…
It is said that…据说… It is reported that…据报道…
It’s suggested that…有人建议… It is hoped that…有人希望…
It is thought that…有人认为… it is proved that…已经证明…
Actually=in fact=as a matter of fact 事实上
to tell the truth=to be honest=honestly speaking老实说
11 表示条件：
unless如果不；除非 in case假使；以防万一 if only要是…就好了
given that考虑到 in that case如果是那样的话 once一旦
provided (that)=providing (that)=on condition that=if如果；条件是
12．表示时间顺序：
at one time=once曾经 once upon a time从前 in (the) future在将来
first=first of all首先 second其次 then然后
after that那以后 next接下来 finally最后
for one thing首先 for another thing其次 before在…之前
after在…之后 at last=in the end最后 in the past在过去
in time=sooner or later终有一天 at present=now=nowadays现在
hardlywhen…=no sooner…than…一…就 just then=just at that time正在那时
the moment=the minute=immediately=as soon as 一…就…
也要注意过渡词的用法
1、表示时间的
af first 起初
next 接下来
then 然后
after that 那以后
later 后来
soon 不久
soon/shortly after ……之后不久
finally 最后
in the end 最后
eventually 最终
at last 终于
lately 近来
recently 最近
since then 自从那时起
after that 那以后
in no time 不一会儿
after a while 一会儿
afterward 后来
to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点
immediately 立即、马上
meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时
earlier, until now 直到现在
suddenly=all of a sudden 突然
as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候
at the age of… 在……岁的时候
as early as 早……的时候
as soon as 一……就……
before, the other day 几天前
early in the morning 大清早
after/before dark 天黑后/前
one day 有一天
one afternoon 一天下午
one morning 一天早晨
2、表示空间的
to the right/left 朝右/左
on the rinht/left 在右/左边
in the middle of 在中间
in front of 在前面
in the front of 在前面
at the back of 在后面
at the bottom of 在底部
on the edge of 在……的边上
on top of 在……的顶部
opposite to 与……相对
close to 靠近
near to 在……附近
next to 与……相邻
under 垂直在下
over 垂直在上
below 在下方
above 在上方
across 在……的另一边
around 在周围
behind 在后
before 在前
against 靠着、抵着
further on 再往前
3、表示列举和时序
first, second, third…finally
firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally
first of all, next then, lastly
for one thing…for another…
at the same time
at first
at last
4、表示列举
for example 例如：……
namely 即……
for instance 例如：……
that is (to say) 也就是说
such as 如……
take…for example 拿……来说
like 像……
5、表示比较或对比
like 像
unlike 不像
similarly 同样地
in the same way 以相同的方式
compared to 与……相比
while 而
still=nevertheless 然而
on the contrary 正相反
different from 与……不同
on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
in contrast with 与……成对比
6、表示增补
and 而且
both…and 不但……而且
not only…but also 不但……而且
as well as 不但……而且
also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且
in addition 并且
apart from 除了……之外
what's more 而且、更重要的
for another 另一方面
worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是
including 包括
7、表示因果
because 因为
since 既然
as 由于
now that 既然
therefore 因此
thus 这样
so 所以
as a result (of) 结果
because of=on account of 因为
thanks to 多亏、由于
for this reason 由于这个原因
if so 如果这样
if not 如果不是这样
8、表示目的
for this purpose
in order to do
so as to do
so that…
in order that…
9、表示让步
though/although
no matter+疑问句
in spite of
whatever/however/whoever
even if/ even though
10、表示递进或强调
besides 况且
what's more 更重要地是
thus 这样
above all 首先
indeed 的确
in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上
in other words 换句话说
in that case 那样的话
or rather 更确切地说
particularly 特别地
11、表示转折
but 但是
still 然而
however 然而
while 而
12、表示总结
in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之
generally speaking 一般说来
in short=in a few words 简言之
in conclusion=lastly 最后地
on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上
so 所以
therefore 因此
thus 这样
as has been mentioned 正如所提到的
it is quite clear that 很显然
there is no doubt that 毫无疑问
it is well-known that 大家都知道
as we all know=as is known
to us all 大家都知道
as/so far as I know 据我所知
to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之
13、表示转折话题
by the way 顺便说
I am afraid 我恐怕
in my opinion 依我看来
to tell the truth 说实话
to be honest 诚实地说
in face 事实上
过渡词：
1 条件关系：如果，只要：if , on condition that, as long as, so long as。
2 递进关系：另外，还有：what is more, besides, also, moreover, in addition to, apart from。
3 转折关系： 但是，然而，相反：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, while。
4 因果关系：所以，因此：so, thus, therefore, as a result。
5 目的关系：为了：to, in order to/that, so as to/that, for the purpose of。
6 让步关系: 尽管, 即使:although, though, as, even though, even if。
连接词：常见的连接词包括以下几种 。
1 换句话说：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way，that is。
2 实际上： in fact, actually, as a matter of fact。
说实话,说真话：to tell the truth。
3总而言之，总的来说：on the whole, in short, all in all, in general, in a word 。
4 信不信由你： believe it or not。
（1）表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition ，further more，more over，again，on top of that，another，first second third等。
（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in afer days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。
（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，eyond，above，below，to the right （left），around，outside等。
（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
（5）表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，in spite of，even though ,whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while等。
（6）表示结 果 和 原 因 的 过 渡 词：because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus等。
（7）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
（8）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without anydoubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
（9）表示解释说明的过渡词：forexample，in fact，in thiscase，foractually等。
（10）表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等。
