《古东门行》翻译及注释
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唐代：柳宗元
汉家三十六将军，东方雷动横阵云。
译文：亚夫平叛，天兵发威；横扫千里，所向披靡。
注释：汉家三十六将军：汉景帝三年（前154），吴王刘濞纠合六个诸侯王叛乱，史称“吴楚七国之乱”。景帝命太尉周亚夫率领三十六位将军前往讨伐。东方：本指吴楚等国，这里是借以暗指叛将吴元济盘踞的淮西地区。
鸡鸣函谷客如雾，貌同心异不可数。
译文：鸡鸣狗盗，雕虫小技；如蚁门客，貌合神离。
注释：客如雾：指当时过关的人很多。貌同心异：指人群中的人虽然貌同常人，但各自怀有心事，有的心怀鬼胎。数：计算，这里转意为识别的意思。
赤丸夜语飞电光，徼巡司隶眠如羊。
译文：少年刺客，杀人无忌；官兵捕快，丧失警惕。
注释：夜语：指刺客夜间联系的暗号。飞电光：形容凶器闪闪发光。徼巡司隶：掌管京城巡逻和缉捕盗贼的官吏及其手下。
当街一叱百吏走，冯敬胸中函匕首。
译文：歹徒一吼，护卫逃逸；可怜冯敬，遇刺归西。
注释：一叱：一声大吼。百吏走：护卫们四散逃跑。冯敬：汉文帝时的御史大夫，因奏议淮南厉王谋叛，被刺客杀死。函：剑匣，这里用作动词，刺进的意思。
凶徒侧耳潜惬心，悍臣破胆皆杜口。
译文：凶手得逞，狞笑窃喜；文武噤声，惊若木鸡。
注释：凶徒：指王承宗、李师道派出的刺客。侧耳：躲在一旁探听。潜惬心：心里暗暗高兴。悍臣：强悍的大臣，指朝中有权势的文武官员。杜口：不敢开口说话。
魏王卧内藏兵符，子西掩袂真无辜。
译文：魏王救赵，虚情假意；子西被害，可痛可惜。
羌胡毂下一朝起，敌国舟中非所拟。
译文：相如讽喻，车轼防断；吴起劝谏，修德第一。
注释：羌胡毂下：羌胡，是中国古代西北部少数民族的泛称，统治者往往把他们看作威胁自己的危险势力。毂：车轮。一朝起：突然出现。拟：比拟。
安陵谁辨削砺功，韩国讵明深井里。
译文：袁盎枉死，真凶难辨；聂政行侠，深井认尸。
注释：讵：哪里。
绝胭断骨那下补，万金宠赠不如土。
译文：忠良殉国，人头落地；厚葬犹可，宠赠予谁？
注释：绝胭断骨：割断咽喉，砍断骨头。胭，一作“咽”。那下补：哪能补救。下，一作“可”。
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李贺《
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马诗二十三首·其二十三》
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李商隐《
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随师东》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。