《答张十一功曹》翻译及注释
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唐代：韩愈
山净江空水见沙，哀猿啼处两三家。
译文：春山明净，春江空阔，清澈得以见到江底的沙粒，悲伤哀怨的猿啼声处处可听。
注释：两三：几个。表示少量。
筼筜竞长纤纤笋，踯躅闲开艳艳花。
译文：粗大的筼筜与纤纤嫩笋争相滋长，羊踯躅清闲自得，随处开放出鲜艳的花朵。
注释：筼筜：一种皮薄、节长而竿高的竹子。踯躅：杜鹃花的别名。
未报君恩知死所，莫令炎瘴送生涯。
译文：皇帝深恩尚未报答，死所也未可得知，但求不要在南方炎热的瘴气中虚度余生而已。
注释：恩波：谓帝王的恩泽。死所：死的地方。炎瘴：南方湿热致病的瘴气。
吟君诗罢看双鬓，斗觉霜毛一半加。
译文：吟读张署来诗后，叹看双鬓，顿时觉得鬓发白了一半。
注释：霜毛：白发。
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杜牧《
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齐安郡中偶题·其一》
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白居易《
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观游鱼》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。