《祭石曼卿文》翻译及注释
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宋代：欧阳修
维治平四年七月日，具官欧阳修，谨遣尚书都省令史李敭，至于太清，以清酌庶羞之奠，致祭于亡友曼卿之墓下，而吊之以文。曰：
译文： 在治平四年七月某日，具官欧阳修，谨派尚书都省令史李旸前往太清，以清酒和几样佳肴做祭品，在亡友曼卿的墓前设祭，并写一篇祭文来吊祭：
注释： 维治平四年七月日：即1067年7月某日。维，发语词。具官：唐宋以来，官吏在奏疏、函牍及其他应酬文字中，常把应写明的官职爵位，写作具官，表示谦敬。欧阳修写作此文时官衔是观文殿学士刑部尚书亳州军州事。尚书都省：即尚书省，管理全国行政的官署。令史：管理文书工作的官。李敭：其人不详。太清：地名，在今河南商丘东南，是石曼卿葬地。欧阳修《石曼卿墓表》：“既卒之三十七日，葬于太清之先茔。”清酌庶羞：清酌，祭奠时所用之酒。庶，各种。羞，通“馐”，食品，这里指祭品。
呜呼曼卿！生而为英，死而为灵。其同乎万物生死，而复归于无物者，暂聚之形；不与万物共尽，而卓然其不配者，后世之名。此自古圣贤，莫不皆然，而著在简册者，昭如日星。
译文： 唉，曼卿！生前既是英杰，死后必是神灵！那跟万物一样有生有死，而最后归于无物的境地的，是你由精气暂时聚合的身躯；那不跟万物同归于尽，而出类拔萃永垂不朽的，是你流传后世的名声。这是自古以来的圣贤，都是如此的；那些已载入史书的姓名，就像太阳星辰一样明显。
注释： 生而为英，死而为灵：活着的时候是人世间的英杰，死之后化为神灵。英，英雄、英杰。灵，神灵。暂聚之形：指肉体生命。简册：指史籍。者，昭如日星。
呜呼曼卿！吾不见子久矣，犹能仿佛子之平生。其轩昂磊落，突兀峥嵘而埋藏于地下者，意其不化为朽壤，而为金玉之精。不然，生长松之千尺，产灵芝而九茎。奈何荒烟野蔓，荆棘纵横；风凄露下，走磷飞萤！但见牧童樵叟，歌吟上下，与夫惊禽骇兽，悲鸣踯躅而咿嘤。今固如此，更千秋而万岁兮，安知其不穴藏孤貉与鼯鼪？此自古圣贤亦皆然兮，独不见夫累累乎旷野与荒城！
译文： 唉！曼卿啊！我见不到你已经很久了，可是还能想象你生前时的模样。你意态不凡，光明磊落，又那样超群出众，埋葬在地下的遗体，我猜想不会化为烂泥腐土，应该会变成最珍贵的金玉。不然的话，就会长成青松，挺拔千尺，或者产出灵芝，一株九茎。为什么你的坟墓偏偏是一片荒烟蔓草，荆棘丛生，寒风凄凄，露珠飘零，磷火闪闪，萤火虫乱飞？只见牧童和砍柴的老人，唱着歌在这儿上下走动；还有慌张受惊的飞禽走兽，在这儿徘徊悲鸣。现在已经是这样的光景了，经过千秋万岁之后，怎知道那些狐狸、老鼠和黄鼬等野兽，不会在这里掏穴藏身？自古以来，圣贤都是这样，难道单单看不见那旷野上一个挨一个的荒坟？
注释： 仿佛：依稀想见。轩昂磊落：形容石曼卿的不凡气度和高尚人格。突兀峥嵘：高迈挺拔，比喻石曼卿的特出才具。朽壤：腐朽的土壤。精：精华。产灵芝而九茎：灵芝，一种菌类药用植物，古人认为是仙草，九茎一聚者更被当作珍贵祥瑞之物。《汉书·宣帝纪》：“金芝九茎，产于涵德殿池中。”而，一作“之”。燐：即磷，一种非金属元素。动物尸体腐烂后产生的磷化氢，在空气中自动燃烧，并发出蓝色火焰，夜间常见于坟间及荒野。俗称之为鬼火。牧童樵叟：放牧和砍柴之人。上下：来回走动。悲鸣踯躅而咿嘤：这里指野兽来回徘徊，禽鸟悲鸣惊叫。狐貉与鼯鼪（wúshēnɡ）：狐貉，兽名，形似狐狸。鼯，鼠的一种，亦称飞鼠。鼪，黄鼠狼。
呜呼曼卿！盛衰之理，吾固知其如此，而感念畴昔，悲凉凄怆，不觉临风而陨涕者，有愧乎太上之忘情。尚飨！
译文： 唉！曼卿啊！事物由盛而衰的道理，我本来是早已知道的。但怀念起过往的日子，越发感到悲凉凄怆，不知不觉迎风掉下眼泪的我，也只好愧于自己达不到圣人那样淡然忘情的境界。希望你能够享用祭品。
注释： 盛衰：此指生死。畴昔：往昔，从前。陨涕：落泪。有愧乎太上之忘情：意思是说自己不能像圣人那样忘情。太上，最高，也指圣人。忘情，超脱了人世一切情感。《世说新语·伤逝》：“圣人忘情，最下不及情，情之所钟，正在我辈。”尚飨（xiǎnɡ）：祭文套语，表示希望死者鬼神来享用祭品之意。尚，这里是希望的意思。
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苏轼《
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刑赏忠厚之至论》
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王守仁《
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瘗旅文》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。